With treatment, most people with mental health problems can learn to manage their feelings and improve their quality of life. However, it can be assumed that the duration of serotonin synthesis varies greatly from person to person. This is because studies indicate differences in the speed of serotonin synthesis, which is also dependent on many other factors, such as the available amount of tryptophan [1]. Certain general conditions such as the time of day and the light environment are also likely to play a role. How long does serotonin take to replenish? The neurotransmitter dopamine is not only known as a happiness hormone, but also plays an important role in the brain's reward system. This is because the neurotransmitter is always released when we achieve something (long) desired. This could be passing an exam, or - in the case of smokers - having a cigarette or eating or drinking something delicious. Interessante Hinweise zu dieser Frage können Studien geben, die sich mit der Wirkung von MDMA (Ecstasy) auf das serotonerge System beschäftigen. MDMA führt unter anderem dazu, dass das im Gehirn verfügbare Serotonin sehr schnell aus den Vesikeln entleert wird. Sobald die Wirkung der Droge nachlässt, zeigen sich die ersten Symptome eines Serotoninmangels, die mehrere Tage lang andauern [2] - vermutlich, weil es so lange dauert, bis das Gehirn wieder eine ausreichende Menge Serotonin produziert hat. Endorphins are small neuropeptides (messengers) in the brain that were first discovered in pigs by Scottish scientists in 1975. The name "endorphins" is short for "endogenous morphines," painkillers produced by the body itself that bind to opiate receptors. Basically, three different types of endorphins can be distinguished:

Serotonin wird aus der Aminosäure Tryptophan gebildet. Diese wandelt der Körper zunächst in die Aminosäure 5-HTP um. Als Zwischenprodukt hat sie keine eigene Funktion, sondern dient lediglich zur Herstellung von Serotonin. Die Umwandlung findet mithilfe spezieller Enzyme statt. Wie lang sie dauert, ist nicht bekannt. Serotonin also seems to play a role in bone health, as a permanently too high level of serotonin in the body can result in diseases such as osteoporosis. Conclusion on serotonin in the body It is possible to determine the serotonin content in the blood to obtain indications of a possible carcinoid tumor. With regard to depression or other mental illnesses, the serotonin value determined from the blood has no diagnostic value, since the messenger substance cannot pass the blood-brain barrier and therefore no statement can be made about the serotonin concentration in the brain. Source If there is a pathological dopamine deficiency, this is primarily manifested by motor and psychological problems. An unexplained and persistent tremor can be just as much a sign of a dopamine deficiency as muscle stiffness or unsteadiness when walking or standing. The so-called voluntary motor activity also shows itself to be more or less slowed down.As an essential part of the Mediterranean diet, olive oil has many valuable ingredients and positive properties. These are due, among other things, to the vitamin E it contains, which supports the immune system, for example, and the antioxidants that help fight free radicals in the body [5]. Olive oil also has an anti-inflammatory effect. All of this can help reduce fatigue and tiredness. A connection between happiness hormones and laughter is obvious. But it can also have a positive effect on the perception of pain. Researchers at Oxford University found this out when they put a blood pressure cuff on their test subjects and pumped it up until the subjects felt pain. The stimulus threshold for this pain was significantly higher in participants who had previously watched a funny video that made them laugh than in those who watched a neutral documentary. The scientists explain this result by the endorphins released by laughter, which reduce the sensation of pain. Endorphins and the placebo effect Physical mood swings are physical . They are usually preceded by a hormonal change in the body. For example, during the menstrual cycle (PMS), pregnancy or during the menopause. These examples already show that hormonal mood swings affect women to a greater extent . A 2006 GFK study found that 60% of women between the ages of 25 and 45 experience mood swings. That corresponds to 2 out of 3 women. [ 1 ] Interestingly, 80% accept this emotional burden - without doing anything about it or consulting a doctor. Another physical cause can be thyroid dysfunction. Although the thyroid is a small organ, an underactive thyroid can cause prolonged fatigue and severe mood swings. mood swings period (PMS) In most cases, a person's emotions will settle down within a few hours or days. If the mood swings are due to an underlying physical and psychological problem, treating that problem can help people control their emotions. Alternatively, the serotonin content in the body can be determined via urine. In everyday medical practice, it is common to use the collected urine from a 24-hour period for this purpose. However, it is not the serotonin itself that is measured, but a degradation product of the neurotransmitter, hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIES for short). The amount of HIES measured in the urine allows indirect conclusions to be drawn about the serotonin level in the body.

Because of their positive effect on physical and mental well-being, endorphins are also colloquially called happiness hormones called happiness hormones. How do endorphins work? Vitamin D: For better mood values, it is worth bringing the vitamin D value into an optimal range. According to recent studies, low vitamin D levels almost double the risk of developing depression[ 4 ]. By far the largest part of the serotonin present in the body is located in the intestine. There, the neurotransmitter fulfills important tasks such as controlling intestinal movements and protecting the intestine from bacteria or incompatible foods. An imbalance in the serotonin balance can be related to various complaints such as irritable bowel syndrome, which is treated with serotonin-based drugs, among other things. Sources There are many things that can help prevent mood swings. This includes creating and maintaining a daily routine, eating a healthy diet, choosing nutritional supplements, and getting enough sleep. regular exercise, finding ways to deal with stress, or sharing with others.

Salmon contains a large amount of omega-3 fatty acids. Among numerous other positive effects on health, polyunsaturated fatty acids also have a positive effect on fatigue and tiredness. For example, one study showed that people with chronic fatigue syndrome benefited from more omega-3 fatty acids in their diet [3]. In addition, more fish in the diet seems to reduce fatigue in yet another way: for example, higher fish consumption improved the sleep quality of school children, making them less tired during the day [4]. However, probably one of the strongest influencing factors on serotonin formation is daylight, which has been shown to stimulate serotonin production. This is the reason why serotonin levels are higher during the day than at night and higher in summer than in winter. The "winter blues" often seen in the dark season are probably due to a serotonin deficiency.

The second messenger substance known as the happiness hormone, dopamine, is also increasingly released by alcohol. Studies show that this connection is sometimes so close that even stimuli associated with alcohol can cause this increased dopamine release.As a result, increased cravings for alcohol and decreased control over alcohol consumption often occur[1]. This is because dopamine is part of the reward system in the brain. The release of the neurotransmitter is associated with many positive experiences such as the enjoyment of certain foods, sex, or even drugs such as alcohol, and acts as a reward. Therefore, it seems very desirable for the affected person and evokes the typical craving for alcohol, which unfortunately often ends in relapse [2]. Conclusion on alcohol and dopamine, serotonin and GABA If you tend to be deficient in this important messenger substance, the first step is to get enough sleep and reduce chronic stress through relaxation exercises or exercise therapy. Ideally, you should avoid permanent stress completely for the sake of your health. In the dark season, light therapy has proven its worth in the Nordic countries, while nutritional supplements provide additional support. If you have a slight mood swing, you can do something yourself. But what helps against mood swings?However, there are indications that serotonin is not only of great importance for normal intestinal function, but also plays an important role in irritable bowel syndrome [5]. Depending on the amount of serotonin in the intestine, the symptoms seem to change: Irritable bowel patients with little serotonin in the intestine often suffer from constipation with rather hard bowel movements, while irritable bowel patients with a high amount of serotonin in the intestine tend to have soft and watery bowel movements and diarrhea [6]. Dopamine exerts its effect via adrenoceptors or dopamine receptors. It increases motivation and drive and has a positive effect on a wide range of physical and mental functions. For example, dopamine has been shown to inhibit the release of prolactin and influence extrapyramidal motor function; the neuroanatomical physiological concept of our organism. This concept controls some of the motor abilities in humans. The test kits contain everything you need to take the sample - including detailed instructions on the test procedure. You simply send the sample to the specified laboratory and receive the result after a few days. Conclusion about serotonin level measurement

Alcohol leads to an increased release of serotonin, which is not called the happiness hormone without reason: It produces a pleasant feeling of well-being, has a stress-reducing, anxiety-relieving, calming effect. It is precisely this effect caused by alcohol consumption that paves the way to addiction, because this effect can only be maintained with constantly repeated consumption (in ever greater quantities). However, since chronic alcohol consumption leads to lower serotonin levels, a vicious circle of addiction is created in this way. Dopamine and alcoholHow long it takes for the body to produce serotonin depends on various factors and therefore varies greatly from individual to individual. It can take several days for serotonin stores to be replenished after being almost completely depleted. Sources