Once the apples are gathered from trees in orchards they are scratted (ground down) into a pulp. Historically this was done using pressing stones with circular troughs, or by a cider mill. Cider mills were traditionally driven by the hand, water-mill, or horse-power. In modern times, they are likely to be powered by electricity. The pulp is then transferred to a cider press where the juice is extracted. one small (125 ml) glass of wine at 9% is one unit - however a 175ml glass of red or white wine is around 2 units By the 19th century, cider referred to the expressed juice of apples, either before fermentation as sweet cider, or after fermentation, a hard cider. [21] Cider styles [ edit ] Geography and origins [ edit ] Britain is one of the world’s leading producers of cider, with fifty-six percent of all the apples grown in the UK used to create it – so it’s no surprise that we also produce the most diverse range of styles. Cider has refreshed the palates of countless Britons for millennia, but if you asked a person in the street how cider is made they would invariably say that it was brewed. It’s not – cider is made by pressing apples and fermenting the juice, more akin to wine than beer. There are two major brands of cider produced in South Africa, Hunters and Savanna Dry. They are produced and distributed through Distell Group Limited. Hunters Gold was first introduced in South Africa in 1988 as an alternative to beer. The Hunters range includes Hunters Dry, Hunters Gold, Hunters Export and Hunters Edge launched in April 2017. Savanna Dry was introduced in 1996 and also comes in a Light Premium variety as well as in a Savanna Dark variant.

Cider was once very popular in northern Portugal [100] where its production was larger than wine production until the 11th century, [100] but nowadays, its popularity has decreased and it is mostly consumed in the coasts of Minho, Âncora e Lima, where it is used as a refreshment for thirst. In some festivities, it is still used rather than wine. There is also a traditional production of the drink in Madeira.Meanwhile, premiumisation continues to reign supreme and in 2021 share continued to move from mainstream to more premium brands (47.8% up from 44.4% in 2019). In Norway, cider (sider) is a naturally fermented apple juice. Pear juice is sometimes mixed with the apple to get a better fermenting process started. Windermere Cider began brewing in 1994 and is regarded as the oldest craft cider brewery in South Africa. [118]

For several years Jane has been an Ambassador for Friends of Glass, the consumer-facing arm of the British Glass Association. She is an ambassador for the smart phone app ‘Pint Please’ and the ‘Long Live The Local’ pub campaign. Aside from carrying out the primary fermentation of cider, yeast may also play other roles in cider production. The production of sparkling cider requires a second round of fermentation, and a second yeast selection. The yeast used for the secondary fermentation in sparkling cider production serve the same purpose as the yeast used in the champagne method of sparkling wine production: to generate carbonation and distinct aromas with a fermentation that occurs in the bottle. The yeast is selected based on critical properties, such as tolerance to high pressure, low temperature, and high ethanol concentration, as well as an ability to flocculate, which allows for riddling to remove the yeast when the fermentation has finished. [77] Some researchers have also suggested that non-Saccharomyces yeasts could be used to release additional flavour or mouthfeel compounds, as they may contain enzymes, such as β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, or polygalacturonase, which Saccharomyces yeast may not produce. [78]Cider (and perry) sold in the UK can have an alcoholic strength ranging from 1.2% ABV (alcohol by volume) to 8.5% ABV. 2 Just over half of cider sold in shops and supermarkets is 5% ABV or higher. Strong ciders of more than 6% ABV account for About one in seven cider sales are strong ciders of more than 6% ABV. 3 This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)