He was the only one raised up to the presence of Allah via the Night Journey and Ascension (al-Isrā’ wa al-Miʿrāj). Muhammad ibn Isḥāq (d.150 AH iv) then authored the greatest and most comprehensive work in sīrah, producing a chronological account of the Prophet’s life . Ibn Isḥāq lived in Medina alongside the children and grandchildren of the Companions . He travelled to other major cities such as Basra and Kufa to compile the narrations of other significant Companions such as that of Ibn Masʿūd . Ibn Isḥāq’s sīrah was also significant because it included the isnād (chain of narrators) for each narration. Al-ʿArab al-Bāqiyah are still in existence. They are comprised of two subgroups: Qahṭān and ʿAdnān. Qahṭān is considered the father of the Arabs. The word Arab is linguistically derived from his son, Yaʿrab (or Yaʿrib). Most scholars opine that Qahṭān’s lineage extends to Nūḥ through his son, Sām, father of the Semites. 37 A second minority opinion is that Qahṭān is also a direct descendent of Ibrāhīm ,38 and a third opinion is that Qahṭān is descended from Hūd .39 The Qahṭānīs are known as al-ʿArab al-ʿĀribah (The Original Arabs). Introduction to the documentation of the prophetic biography: Muslim scholarship during the formative period Muhammad Ibn Isḥāq & Alfred Guillaume, The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah, (London: Oxford University Press, 1955), 159.

Harun, Abus-Salam (2000). Sirat Ibn Hisham: Biography of the Prophet. Al-Falah Foundation. p.VI. ISBN 977-5813-80-8. Miyanwalawi, Muhammad. “Accusation of Abū Bakr and Umar not being present during the boycott”. Mahajjah. (2015): 1-14.Martin Lings, Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, (New York: Inner Traditions International, 1983), 89. Musa ibn ʿUqba, a student of al-Zuhrī, wrote Kitāb al-Maghāzī, a notebook used to teach his students; now lost. Some of his traditions have been preserved, although their attribution to him is disputed. [6] Indus Valley Civilization and Maurya Empire, The: The History and Legacy of Ancient India’s Most Influential Powers Donner, Fred McGraw (1998). Narratives of Islamic origins: the beginnings of Islamic historical writing. Darwin Press. p.132. ISBN 978-0-87850-127-4.

a b Donner, Fred McGraw (1998). Narratives of Islamic origins: the beginnings of Islamic historical writing. Darwin Press. p.132. ISBN 978-0-87850-127-4 . Retrieved 28 March 2020. viii It may be said: Adam and Nūḥ were also technically sent to the whole of humanity. The response is that this is a coincidence, i.e., they were sent to their people who just so happened to be the entirety of humanity. Muhammad , on the other hand, was specifically sent to the entirety of humankind. When both his parents passed away, the Prophet was taken into the custody of his grandfather, ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, who also had a special affinity to the Prophet . However, two years later at the tender age of eight, the Prophet once again became an orphan as ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib passed away. The Prophet was then entrusted to his uncle, Abū Ṭālib, who raised the Prophet and lived a long life, passing away when the Prophet was over 50 years old. He was given the most powerful miracle—the Qur’an. It is the only scripture that is a miracle in and of itself. Seminal work on Islamic historiography, its genres, and issues of studying sources for the study of Islamic history. Provides useful information on various works of sῑra. Most relevant for the study of sῑra are chapters 1, 2, and 7.This one-year module focuses primarily on the key incidents in the Prophet’s life and reflection his life in terms of his character, roles, and relationship in society and how his community perceived him both before and after prophethood. Banu Muttalib and Banu Hashim along with their children and women were thus forced out of Mecca, to a nearby place called Shib-e Abu Talib. [17] The prediction of Waraqah ibn Naufal came true: he had warned the Prophet that a time would come when his tribesmen would oppose him and compel him to leave. [18] The intention of the pagans was to leave the Muslims to starve to death in the loneliness of the desert, at the mercy of the scorching heat with no expectation of external help from any quarter. [19] xi A noteworthy point can be made here about different types of opposition within the Quraysh. Some opposed the Prophet and did so by employing dirty and unsavoury tactics. There were others, however, that were in opposition but within limits and with dignity. Allah eventually guided all of the latter, which included Khālid ibn al-Walīd, ʿIkrimah ibn Abī Jahl, ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ, and Abū Sufyān, amongst other notable figures in Islam .

One day, ʿUmar was walking and saw the Prophet sitting outside in the middle of the day. ʿUmar asked, O Messenger of Allah, what are you doing outside at this time of day? xv The Prophet replied, I am here for the same reason as you: I have nothing to eat at home. Abū Bakr then walked by, asked the same question, and received the same answer. Another Companion, Abū al-Haytham , was rushing home from work and saw the blessed trio and asked them the same question. ʿUmar replied that they did not have any food at home, so they went for a walk instead. Abū al-Haytham protested at the noblest three people standing in the heat out of hunger, so he invited them to eat. He returned home and saw that he had an old goat, so he said to his wife, By Allah, we must sacrifice this goat.23 Abū al-Haytham then served the three of them meat and bread, and the Prophet reminded Abū Bakr and ʿUmar that they left their houses hungry only to be fed by Allah . He then quoted the verse of the Qur’an, Then, on that Day, you will definitely be questioned about [your worldly] pleasures.24 One of the first works devoted to sῑra that serves as a useful introduction to the subject. Levi Della Vida provides a most useful discussion on the meaning and use of the term sῑra. He also discusses the origin and character of sῑra and the emergence of the written sῑra tradition. Indus Valley Civilization: An Enthralling Overview of the Harappan Civilization, Starting from the Early Harappan through Mohenjo-daro to the Aryan Invasion and Achaemenid Conquest The Qur’ān was revealed gradually according to the need and demands of the people throughout the Prophet ﷺ life. Hence, a contextualised and accurate understanding of the Qur’ān and Islām is dependent on knowing and understanding the life of Prophet ﷺ. Anon, “Social Boycott and Life in Sha'ib Abi Talib”, Universal Sunnah Foundation, http://www.usf.edu.pk/wyw-12.html (accessed August 22, 2017).

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Donner, Fred. Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginning of Islamic Historical Tradition. Princeton, NJ: Darwin, 1998. Mahmood ul-Hasan, Ibn Al-At̲h̲ir: An Arab Historian: a Critical Analysis of His Tarikh-al-kamil and Tarikh-al-atabeca, pg. 71. New Delhi: Northern Book Center, 2005. ISBN 9788172111540