Eleanor Dark's 1947 Timeless Land trilogy, which spans the colonisation from 1788 to 1811. The 1980s television drama, The Timeless Land, was based on this trilogy.

Banivanua Mar, Tracey; Edmonds, Penelope (2013). "Indigenous and settler relations". The Cambridge History of Australia, Volume I. p.344-45 From about 1815 the colony, under the governorship of Lachlan Macquarie, began to grow rapidly as free settlers arrived and new lands were opened up for farming. Despite the long and arduous sea voyage, settlers were attracted by the prospect of making a new life on virtually free Crown land. From the late 1820s settlement was only authorised in the limits of location, known as the Nineteen Counties. a b c Dixon, R (2005). "The Catholic Community in Australia". Catholic Australia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012 . Retrieved 12 July 2013. See also: Convicts in Australia Lieutenant James Cook's landing at Botany Bay on 29April 1770, by E. Phillips Fox Kemp (2018)Australia began to acquire a satisfactory means of exchange to replace barter when, in the later 1820s, substantial shipments of sterling were at last made to the colony. Despite some interference from the Commissariat, which sought to encourage Spanish dollars, by the 1830s the Australian colonies were established on sterling currency

Why Did Britain Colonise Australia

Narrator: By 1913, the British had built an empire which ruled over 400 million people and covered a quarter of the Earth’s surface. The empire brought Britain wealth, power and influence. However, for the people that were colonised, it brought violence, disease and famine. 1838 was the second year of Queen Victoria’s reign. Looking at this single year, we can get a sense of the different experiences of life in the British Empire. An outpost for the Empire was supposed to serve as its headquarters on the far side of the world. Later fleets made it more likely that colonies would eventually be established with supplies. In fact, there was never a rivalry between European colonial powers on the Australian continent. In several ways, conditions in parts of New Zealand are comparable to those in the United Kingdom. Terra Nullius was a major factor in British colonization in Europe. Captain James Cook, an 18th-century Navy captain, embarked on several Pacific voyages. People often comment negatively on this piece, such as, “You’ve got it all wrong.” Kemp (2018)A feature of imperial land settlement policy was the declaration by the Crown that it retained title to all unsettled lands. a b c d "Milestones in Australian democracy". Museum of Australian Democracy. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021 . Retrieved 18 July 2021.

Outside of the continent, Queensland attempted an expansion into New Guinea, but British authorities rejected this; the claim would later be made a British protectorate and ceded to Australia. The League of Nations mandated northeast New Guinea to Australia after World War I, as well as Nauru, which was placed under joint Australian-British-New Zealand jurisdiction. These mandates (and, later, United Nations trust territories) became the independent nations of Nauru and Papua New Guinea in the mid-20th century. Australia has also obtained several small island territories, mainly from earlier British colonies, and has a large claim on Antarctica. Kemp, David (2018). The Land of Dreams: How Australians Won Their Freedom, 1788-1860. Melbourne University Publishing. ISBN 978-0-522-87334-4. OCLC 1088319758. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021 . Retrieved 14 September 2020. A colony commonly known as the Swan River Colony was founded in the remainder of Australia outside of New South Wales. [8] Most documents calling for the colony's foundation make no mention of a name, apart from its location at the "Port on the Western Coast of New Holland, at the Mouth of the River called 'Swan River', with the adjacent Territory", [9] and that a settlement should be formed "within the Territory of 'Western Australia'". [10] However, the law calling for the creation of the colony does appear to specify that it should be called "Western Australia". [11] Queen's Theatre – About the Theatre". History Trust of South Australia. 2010. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011 . Retrieved 16 July 2013. Colonial governments established a small number of reserves and encouraged Christian missions which afforded some protection from frontier violence. In 1825, the NSW governor granted 10,000 acres for an Aboriginal mission at Lake Macquarie. [48] In the 1830s and early 1840s there were also missions in the Wellington Valley, Port Phillip and Moreton Bay. The settlement for Aboriginal Tasmanians on Flinders Island operated effectively as a mission under George Robinson from 1835 to 1838. [49]Lepailleur, François-Maurice. 1980. Land of a Thousand Sorrows. The Australian Prison Journal 1840–1842, of the Exiled Canadien Patriote, François-Maurice Lepailleur. Trans. and edited by F. Murray Greenwood. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. ISBN 0-7748-0123-9. The British government decided that the EIC could no longer be left with complete control of Britain’s business in India. They passed the 1784 India Act which gave Parliament at Westminster and the EIC joint control of British India. Macintyre, Stuart (2020). A Concise History of Australia (Fifthed.). Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. pp.34, 41. ISBN 9781108728485. Ford, Lisa; Roberts, David Andrew (2013). "Expansion, 1820–1850". The Cambridge History of Australia, Volume I. pp.128–135.

Australia's major electoral developments Timeline: 1788 – 1899". Australian Electoral Commission. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013 . Retrieved 12 July 2013. Flinders, Matthew (1796). Narrative of expeditions along the coast of New South Wales, for the further discovery of its harbours from the year 1795 to 1799. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021 . Retrieved 18 July 2021. William Wentworth established the Australian Patriotic Association (Australia's first political party) in 1835 to demand democratic government for New South Wales. He had petitioned the British government for self-determination in 1827. [1] The reformist attorney general, John Plunkett, sought to apply Enlightenment principles to governance in the colony, pursuing the establishment of equality before the law, first by extending jury rights to emancipists, then by extending legal protections to convicts, assigned servants and Aboriginal peoples. Plunkett twice charged the colonist perpetrators of the Myall Creek massacre of Aboriginal people with murder, resulting in a conviction and his landmark Church Act of 1836 disestablished the Church of England and established legal equality between Anglicans, Catholics, Presbyterians and later Methodists. [67] Representative government [ edit ] Opening of Australia's first elected Parliament in Sydney, 1843

Australia was a continent with no opposition and no land that the British could easily occupy. The remoteness and harshness were exactly what the old country needed when it wanted to export its most troublesome commodities, namely criminals and undesirables. Australia’s position as a penal colony made it an ideal location. The harsh realities of prison life and the settling of conflicts with fists gave prisoners the strength to live their lives. The theft of less than a shilling, for example, may land you in Australia for a first offense. Despite the fact that most crimes today are mild in comparison to previous generations, tough people are still capable of doing so. Originally, the Australian penal colony was conceived as a British colonial establishment. British imperialism‘s colonies in Australia received a significant amount of capital from British imperialism via land, banking, insurance, and other financial institutions. Some British money was invested in the industry. Until the outbreak of World War I, Australian industry had yet to fully develop. Legislative assemblies are opened in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania as Australia moves towards liberal democracy Kemp (2018)There was, however, another fear that lay behind the concerns of the conservatives that had more realism to it, and that also boded ill for the convict system: the freed convicts who might acquire the franchise mightexercise their rights, at best, to seek to regulate and control their former masters or, at worst, to wreak revenge upon them. The decision to establish a colony in Australia was made by Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney. [1] This was taken for two reasons: the ending of transportation of criminals to North America following the American Revolution, as well as the need for a base in the Pacific to counter French expansion. [1] Approximately 50,000 convicts are estimated to have been transported to the colonies over 150 years. [1] The First Fleet which established the first colony was an unprecedented project for the Royal Navy, as well as the first forced migration of settlers to a newly established colony. [1] Captain James Cook proclaiming sovereignty over Australia from the shore of Possession Island in 1770