Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-12-580640-5 . Retrieved 22 July 2009. Zanzibar became independent on 10 December 1963. It joined with Tanganyika on 25 April 1964 to form Tanzania. Pettigrew, William A. (2007). "Free to Enslave: Politics and the Escalation of Britain's Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1688–1714". The William and Mary Quarterly. 64 (1): 3–38. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 4491595. Low, D.A. (February 1966). "The Government of India and the First Non-Cooperation Movement – 1920–1922". The Journal of Asian Studies. 25 (2): 241–259. doi: 10.2307/2051326. JSTOR 2051326. S2CID 162717788.

a b c Rana, Mitter (17 March 2022). "Legacy of Violence — the bloody ends of empire". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 . Retrieved 29 June 2022. Hinks, Peter (2007). Encyclopedia of antislavery and abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33143-5. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017 . Retrieved 1 August 2010. Magnusson, Magnus (2003). Scotland: The Story of a Nation. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-3932-0. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014 . Retrieved 22 July 2009. Middleton, Alex (6 August 2019). "Review: The Imperial History Wars: Debating the British Empire, by Dane Kennedy". The English Historical Review. 134 (568): 773–775. doi: 10.1093/ehr/cez128.Slavery After 1807". Historic England. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021 . Retrieved 24 November 2019. As a result of public pressure apprenticeships were abolished early, in 1838. Main articles: British Overseas Territories, English-speaking world, Westminster system, and Common law The fourteen British Overseas Territories

The Last Colony shares the elements that shaped East West Street: a personal angle and a discussion of international law, here revolving around a particular case. The personal dominates the book in two ways. First, the author uses the voice of Liseby Elysé, born on the Chagossian island of Peros Banhos in 1953 and compulsorily resettled two decades later, to provide an emotional, perhaps sentimental, dimension to the narrative. Second, the author’s own perspective runs through the book – there is quite a lot of ‘I did this’ and ‘I did that’, which I can understand (occasionally having written this way myself), but some might find it a little irritating. In 2019, as a result of the hearings involving Elysé’s testimony, the judges at The Hague stated that the UK is under “…an obligation to bring to an end its administration of the Chagos Archipelago as rapidly as possible, and that all member states must cooperate with the United Nations to complete the decolonisation of Mauritius”. At the same time that Brexiter government ministers were standing up in parliament to suggest that international law could be broken in certain circumstances and Tories boasted about plans to tear up human rights, the UN general assembly voted by an overwhelming majority in favour of setting a six-month deadline for the UK to withdraw from the Chagos Archipelago. The ruling hardly made the news. An illustration by Martin Rowson from The Last Colony.Anguilla declared independence from St Kitts and Nevis in 1967, following the Anguillan Revolution; in favour of returning to British authority in 1971 with full British Crown Colony status (renamed in 2002 as British Overseas Territory status) returning in 1980. In the 1951 general election, the Conservative Party returned to power in Britain under the leadership of Winston Churchill. Churchill and the Conservatives believed that Britain's position as a world power relied on the continued existence of the empire, with the base at the Suez Canal allowing Britain to maintain its pre-eminent position in the Middle East in spite of the loss of India. Churchill could not ignore Gamal Abdul Nasser's new revolutionary government of Egypt that had taken power in 1952, and the following year it was agreed that British troops would withdraw from the Suez Canal zone and that Sudan would be granted self-determination by 1955, with independence to follow. [220] Sudan was granted independence on 1 January 1956. [221]

Martin, Laura C. (2007). Tea: the drink that changed the world. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8048-3724-8.British protectorate established in 1881. Proclaimed a Crown Colony in 1946, and became a part of Malaysia on 16 September 1963 as the state of Sabah. The East India Company drove the expansion of the British Empire in Asia. The company's army had first joined forces with the Royal Navy during the Seven Years' War, and the two continued to co-operate in arenas outside India: the eviction of the French from Egypt (1799), [124] the capture of Java from the Netherlands (1811), the acquisition of Penang Island (1786), Singapore (1819) and Malacca (1824), and the defeat of Burma (1826). [118] Maps of the Indian Subcontinent in 1765 (left) and 1858 (right) showing British expansion in the region.

Lee, Stephen J. (1994). Aspects of British political history, 1815–1914. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-09006-3. Cannon, John; Crowcroft, Robert, eds. (2015). "Colonial Office". A Dictionary of British History (3rded.). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acref/9780191758027.001.0001. ISBN 9780191758027. Both Canada and the United States have areas in them that were once British colonies. Today, the US is not governed by the UK, and Canada is a sovereign nation but a constitutional monarchy with the Queen of Canada (Queen Elizabeth) as the head of state. Political boundaries drawn by the British did not always reflect homogeneous ethnicities or religions, contributing to conflicts in formerly colonised areas. The British Empire was responsible for large migrations of peoples. Millions left the British Isles, with the founding settler colonist populations of the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand coming mainly from Britain and Ireland. Tensions remain between the white settler populations of these countries and their indigenous minorities, and between white settler minorities and indigenous majorities in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Settlers in Ireland from Great Britain have left their mark in the form of divided nationalist and unionist communities in Northern Ireland. Millions of people moved to and from British colonies, with large numbers of South Asian people emigrating to other parts of the empire, such as Malaysia and Fiji, and Overseas Chinese people to Malaysia, Singapore and the Caribbean. [274] The demographics of the United Kingdom itself were changed after the Second World War owing to immigration to Britain from its former colonies. [275]Churchill, Winston (1950). The Second World War, The Grand Alliance, Volume III. Cassell & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-0-30-492114-0. Peters, Nonja (2006). The Dutch down under, 1606–2006. University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 978-1-920694-75-3. Booth, Robert (11 March 2020). "UK more nostalgic for empire than other ex-colonial powers". The Guardian . Retrieved 29 June 2022.