Pellitier, P. T. & Zak, D. R. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and the enzymatic liberation of nitrogen from soil organic matter: why evolutionary history matters. N. Phytol. 217, 68–73 (2018). Sabour MR, Zarrabi H, Hajbabaie M (2023) A systematic analysis of research trends on the utilization of life cycle assessment in pharmaceutical applications. Int J Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05103-4 Colombo RP, Benavidez ME, Fernandez Bidondo L, Silvani VA, Bompadre MJ, Statello M, Scorza MV, Scotti A, Godeas AM (2020) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in heavy metal highly polluted soil in the Riachuelo river basin. Rev Argent Microbiol 52:145–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2019.05.001 Increased survival rate of plants especially specimen and bare root plants and plants that are difficult to establish. (The extended root system nourishes the plant from very early on in its life) Luo, Y. Q. et al. Progressive nitrogen limitation of ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. BioScience 54, 731–739 (2004).

Liu XS, Feng SJ, Zhang BQ, Wang MQ, Cao HW, Rono JK, Chen X, Yang ZM (2019) OsZIP1 functions as a metal efflux transporter limiting excess zinc, copper and cadmium accumulation in rice. BMC Plant Biol 19:283. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1899-3 Pacyna JM (2020) Recent advances in mercury research. Sci Total Environ 738:139955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139955 Bugmann A, Brugger F, Zongo T, van der Merwe A (2022) Doing ASGM without mercury is like trying to make omelets without eggs. Understanding the persistence of mercury use among artisanal gold miners in Burkina Faso. Environ Sci Policy 133:87–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.03.009 Gundale, M. J. et al. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in boreal forests has a minor impact on the global carbon cycle. Glob. Change Biol. 20, 276–286 (2014).Sheathing fungi often send up fruiting bodies. These include the many toadstools commonly seen around trees that often alarm gardeners who mistake them for honey fungus

He F, Gao J, Pierce E, Strong PJ, Wang H, Liang L (2015) In situ remediation technologies for mercury-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:8124–8147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4316-y To grow well, plants need a wide range of nutrients in various amounts, depending on the individual plant and its stage of growth. The three key plant nutrients usually derived from soil are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, while carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are absorbed from the air. Other vital soil nutrients include magnesium, calcium and sulphur. Gardeners can add nutrients by applying fertilisers (either artificial or naturally derived) to boost plant growth and improve flowering and fruiting. nutrients gathered from the soil by the fungal strands. The mycorrhizas greatly increase the absorptive area of a plant, acting as extensions to the root system.Watts-Williams SJ, Patti AF, Cavagnaro TR (2013) Arbuscular mycorrhizas are beneficial under both deficient and toxic soil zinc conditions. Plant Soil 371:299–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1670-8 Phillips, R. P., Brzostek, E. & Midgley, M. G. The mycorrhizal‐associated nutrient economy: a new framework for predicting carbon nutrient couplings in temperate forests. N. Phytol. 222, 556–564 (2019).