The product conformity mark according to GOST 50460-92: Mark of conformity for mandatory certification. The shape, size and technical requirements ( ГОСТ Р 50460-92 «Знак соответствия при обязательной сертификации. Форма, размеры и технические требования») The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly, a phenomenon called okanye ( оканье). [84] Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e⁓i̯ɛ/ in place of Proto-Slavic* ě and /o⁓u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/. [84] Another Northern dialectal morphological feature is a post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian. [84] In Turkmenistan, Russian lost its status as the official lingua franca in 1996. [51] Among 12% [53] of the population who grew up in the Soviet era can speak Russian, other generations of citizens that do not have any knowledge of Russian. Primary and secondary education by Russian is almost non-existent. [72] Nevertheless, the Turkmen state press and newspaper Neytralny Turkmenistan regularly publish material version in Russian-language, and there are schools like Joint Turkmen-Russian Secondary School. [ citation needed]

Russian is a rather homogeneous language, in dialectal variation, due to the early political centralization under Moscow's rule, compulsory education, mass migration from rural to urban areas in the 20th century, and other factors. The standard language is used in written and spoken form almost everywhere in the country, from Kaliningrad and Saint Petersburg in the West to Vladivostok and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the East, the enormous distance between notwithstanding. [ citation needed] According to figures published in 2006 in the journal " Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., [103] the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. [101] [104] [105] [106] In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study "Russian language at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of weakening of the Russian language after the Soviet Union's collapse in various regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal " Demoskop Weekly"). [47] [107] [108] [109] In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language was being replaced or used in conjunction with local languages. [47] [110] Currently, the number of speakers of Russian in the world depends on the number of Russians in the world and total population in Russia. [47] [101] [102] The changing proportion of Russian speakers in the world The phonological system of Russian is inherited from Common Slavonic; it underwent considerable modification in the early historical period before being largely settled around the year 1400. [ citation needed]

Russian Standard Details

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Weekly» № 329 – 330 14 – 27 апреля 2008. К. Гаврилов. Е. Козиевская. Е. Яценко. Тема номера: русский язык на постсоветских просторах. Где есть потребность в изучении русского языкаResults of the referendum on the Draft Law 'Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia' " (in Latvian). Central Election Commission of Latvia. 2012 . Retrieved May 2, 2012.