a b c d e f g Orellana-Barrios, Menfil A.; Payne, Drew; Mulkey, Zachary; Nugent, Kenneth (2015). "Electronic cigarettes-a narrative review for clinicians". The American Journal of Medicine. 128 (7): 674–81. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.01.033. ISSN 0002-9343. PMID 25731134.

Wilder, Natalie; Daley, Claire; Sugarman, Jane; Partridge, James (April 2016). "Nicotine without smoke: Tobacco harm reduction". Royal College of Physicians. UK. pp.1–191. E-cigarette vapor potentially contains harmful chemicals not found in tobacco smoke. [90] The majority of toxic chemicals found in cigarette smoke are absent in e-cigarette vapor. [187] E-cigarette vapor contains lower concentrations of potentially toxic chemicals than with cigarette smoke. [188] Those which are present, are mostly below 1% of the corresponding levels permissible by workplace safety standards. [96] But workplace safety standards do not recognize exposure to certain vulnerable groups such as people with medical ailments, children, and infants who may be exposed to second-hand vapor. [83]In one of the few studies identified, a 2015 survey of 316 pregnant women in a Maryland clinic found that the majority had heard of e-cigarettes, 13% had used them, and 0.6% were current daily users. [85] These findings are of concern because the dose of nicotine delivered by e-cigarettes can be as high or higher than that delivered by traditional cigarettes. [85]

There is concern that children may progress from vaping to smoking. [61] Adolescents are likely to underestimate nicotine's addictiveness. [222] Vulnerability to the brain-modifying effects of nicotine, along with youthful experimentation with e-cigarettes, could lead to a lifelong addiction. [91] A long-term nicotine addiction from using a vape may result in using other tobacco products. [223] The majority of addiction to nicotine starts during youth and young adulthood. [224] Adolescents are more likely to become nicotine dependent than adults. [88] a b Pepper, J. K.; Brewer, N. T. (2013). "Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review". Tobacco Control. 23 (5): 375–384. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051122. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 4520227. PMID 24259045. While advertising of tobacco products is banned in most countries, television and radio e-cigarette advertising in several countries may be indirectly encouraging traditional cigarette use. [83] E-cigarette advertisements are also in magazines, newspapers, online, and in retail stores. [349] Between 2010 and 2014, e-cigarettes were second only to cigarettes as the top advertised product in magazines. [350] As cigarette companies have acquired the largest e-cigarette brands, they currently benefit from a dual market of smokers and e-cigarette users while simultaneously presenting themselves as agents of harm reduction. [124] This raises concerns about the appropriateness of endorsing a product that directly profits the tobacco industry. [124] There is no evidence that the cigarette brands are selling e-cigarettes as part of a plan to phase out traditional cigarettes, despite some stating to want to cooperate in "harm reduction". [83] E-cigarette advertising for using e-cigarettes as a quitting tool have been seen in the US, UK, and China, which have not been supported by regulatory bodies. [351]McNeill, A; Brose, LS; Calder, R; Bauld, L; Robson, D (February 2018). "Evidence review of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products 2018" (PDF). Public Health England. UK. pp.1–243. A 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) report found that the scientific evidence "does not support the tobacco industry's claim that these products are less harmful relative to conventional tobacco products" and that there is insufficient evidence to support vaping as a smoking cessation tool. [233] [234] [235] Healthcare organizations in the UK (including the Royal College of Physicians and Public Health England) have encouraged smokers to switch to e-cigarettes or other nicotine replacements if they cannot quit, as this would potentially save millions of lives. [236] [237] The American Cancer Society, [note 8] American Heart Association, [note 9] and the surgeon general of the United States have cautioned that accumulating evidence indicates e-cigarettes may have negative effects on the heart and lungs and should not be used to quit smoking without sufficient evidence that they are safe and effective. [85] E-cigarettes have evolved over time, and the different designs are classified in generations. First-generation e-cigarettes tend to look like traditional cigarettes and are called "cigalikes". [26] [27] Second-generation devices are larger and look less like traditional cigarettes. [28] Third-generation devices include mechanical mods and variable voltage devices. [26] The fourth-generation includes sub-ohm tanks (meaning they have electrical resistance of less than 1 ohm) and temperature control. [29] There are also pod mod devices that use protonated nicotine, rather than free-base nicotine found in earlier generations, [30] providing higher nicotine yields. [31] [32] E-liquid

No long-term trials have been conducted for their use as a smoking cessation aid. [140] It is still not evident as to whether vaping can adequately assist with quitting smoking at the population level. [141] A 2015 PHE report recommends for smokers who cannot or do not want to quit to use e-cigarettes as one of the main steps to lower smoking-related disease, [142] while a 2015 US PSTF statement found there is not enough evidence to recommend e-cigarettes for quitting smoking in adults, pregnant women, and adolescents. [52] It is commonly stated that the modern e-cigarette was invented in 2003 by Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik, but tobacco companies had been developing nicotine aerosol generation devices since as early as 1963. [242] Early prototypes & barriers to entry: 1920s – 90s Large gatherings of vapers, called vape meets, take place around the US. [289] They focus on e-cigarette devices, accessories, and the lifestyle that accompanies them. [289] Vapefest, which started in 2010, is an annual show hosted by different cities. [292] People attending these meetings are usually enthusiasts that use specialized, community-made products not found in convenience stores or gas stations. [289] These products are mostly available online or in dedicated "vape" storefronts where mainstream e-cigarettes brands from the tobacco industry and larger e-cig manufacturers are not as popular. [300] Some vape shops have a vape bar where patrons can test out different e-liquids and socialize. [301] The Electronic Cigarette Convention in North America which started in 2013, is an annual show where companies and consumers meet up. [302] Miyasato, K. (March 2013). "[Psychiatric and psychological features of nicotine dependence]". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine (in Japanese). 71 (3): 477–481. PMID 23631239. A 2014 review found "In addition to the uniqueness of the liquid compositions in each brand, inconsistency of both the device performance properties and the data collection methodologies used by researchers contribute to the observed variation in constituent levels and to the range of particle size distributions among products." [2]

2. Offline Affiliates - Resellers or Distributors

a b Drope, Jeffrey; Cahn, Zachary; Kennedy, Rosemary; Liber, Alex C.; Stoklosa, Michal; Henson, Rosemarie; Douglas, Clifford E.; Drope, Jacqui (November 2017). "Key issues surrounding the health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and other sources of nicotine". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 67 (6): 449–471. doi: 10.3322/caac.21413. ISSN 0007-9235. PMID 28961314. S2CID 32928770. There is low quality evidence that vaping assists smokers to quit smoking in the long-term compared with nicotine-free vaping. [162] Nicotine-containing e-cigarettes were associated with greater effectiveness for quitting smoking than e-cigarettes without nicotine. [163] A 2013 study in smokers who were not trying to quit, found that vaping, with or without nicotine decreased the number of cigarettes consumed. [164] E-cigarettes without nicotine may reduce tobacco cravings because of the smoking-related physical stimuli. [118] Dautzenberg, B.; Adler, M.; Garelik, D.; Loubrieu, J.F.; Mathern, G.; Peiffer, G.; Perriot, J.; Rouquet, R.M.; Schmitt, A.; Underner, M.; Urban, T. (2017). "Practical guidelines on e-cigarettes for practitioners and others health professionals. A French 2016 expert's statement". Revue des Maladies Respiratoires. 34 (2): 155–164. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.0 Vaping correlates with smoking among young people, even in those who would otherwise be unlikely to smoke. [88] Experimenting with vaping encourages young people to continue smoking. [89] A 2015 study found minors had little resistance to buying e-cigarettes online. [90] Teenagers may not admit to using e-cigarettes, but use, for instance, a hookah pen. [91] As a result, self-reporting may be lower in surveys. [91]

The Favor cigarette, introduced in 1986 by public company Advanced Tobacco Products, was another early noncombustible product promoted as an alternative nicotine-containing tobacco product. [85] Favor was conceptualized by Phil Ray, one of the founders of Datapoint Corporation and inventors of the microprocessor. Development started in 1979 by Phil Ray and Norman Jacobson. [253] Favor was a "plastic, smoke-free product shaped and colored like a conventional cigarette that contained a filter paper soaked with liquid nicotine so users could draw a small dose by inhaling. There was no electricity, combustion, or smoke; it delivered only nicotine." [254] a b c d Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157. E-cigarettes containing nicotine have been listed as drug delivery devices in a number of countries, and the marketing of such products has been restricted or put on hold until safety and efficacy clinical trials are conclusive. [336] Since they do not contain tobacco, television advertising in the US is not restricted. [337] Some countries have regulated e-cigarettes as a medical product even though they have not approved them as a smoking cessation aid. [178] A 2014 review stated the emerging phenomenon of e-cigarettes has raised concerns in the health community, governments, and the general public and recommended that e-cigarettes should be regulated to protect consumers. [130] It added, "heavy regulation by restricting access to e-cigarettes would just encourage continuing use of much unhealthier tobacco smoking." [130] A 2014 review said regulation of the e-cigarette should be considered on the basis of reported adverse health effects. [178] Criticism of vaping bans

NUCIG Electric Cigarette...

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; etal. (Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems) (January 2018). Stratton, Kathleen; Kwan, Leslie Y.; Eaton, David L. (eds.). Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24952. ISBN 978-0-309-46834-3. PMID 29894118 . Retrieved 15 January 2023. Summary A first-generation e-cigarette that resembles a tobacco cigarette, with a battery portion that can be disconnected and recharged using the USB power charger Various types of e-cigarettes, including a disposable e-cigarette, a rechargeable e-cigarette, a medium-size tank device, large-size tank devices, an e-cigar, and an e-pipe Newer-generation e-cigarettes The health risks of e-cigarettes are not known for certain, but the risk of serious adverse events is thought to be low, [94] [21] and e-cigarettes are likely safer than combusted tobacco products. [note 5] [89] [96] However, this does not mean that e-cigarettes are harmless. E-cigarette use is associated with increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, [97] chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Those who use e-cigarettes daily have higher risk than those who use them occasionally. [98] According to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, "Laboratory tests of e-cigarette ingredients, in vitro toxicological tests, and short-term human studies suggest that e-cigarettes are likely to be far less harmful than combustible tobacco cigarettes." [11] Randomized controlled trials provide "high-certainty" evidence e-cigarette containing nicotine are more effective than nicotine replacement therapy for discontinuing tobacco smoking, and moderate‐certainty evidence that they are more effective than e-cigarettes free of nicotine. [22] [note 6] A small number of studies have looked at whether using e-cigarettes reduces the number of cigarettes smokers consume. [147] E-cigarette use may decrease the number of cigarettes smoked, [148] but smoking just one to four cigarettes daily greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease compared to not smoking. [83] The extent to which decreasing cigarette smoking with vaping leads to quitting is unknown. [149] A 2022 study showed that E-cigarettes could actually lead people to smoke tobacco. Because the nicotine in e-cigarettes is addicting, it can cause new smokers to try tobacco and can cause current smokers to revert to using cigarettes [93]