Therefore, combinations based on PILs can represent a great chance to design photoactive 3D printed devices for photocatalysis, optoelectronic, conductive, electrochemical and redox applications amongst others. To the best of our knowledge, the development of advanced formulations stabilizing photoluminescence (PL) all-inorganic perovskites with polymerizable ionic liquid especially designed for additive manufacturing has not been widely exploited yet. Y. Zhou, F. Lu, T. Fang, D. Gu, X. Feng, T. Song and W. Liu, J. Alloys Compd., 2022, 911, 165062 CrossRef CAS. As the gonads may not be symmetrical, the development of the Müllerian duct and Wolffian duct may be asymmetrical, too. [9] Because of the presence of dysgenetic gonadal tissue and Y chromosome material, there is a high risk of the development of a gonadoblastoma. [1] Causes [ edit ] S. Huang, Z. Li, B. Wang, N. Zhu, C. Zhang, L. Kong, Q. Zhang, A. Shan and L. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, 9, 7249–7258 CrossRef CAS.

T. Song, J. Deng, L. Deng, L. Bai, X. Zhang, S. Zhang, P. Szabo and A. E. Daugaard, Polymer, 2019, 160, 223–230 CrossRef CAS. F.-t. Li, Y. Liu, R.-h. Liu, Z.-m. Sun, D.-s. Zhao and C.-g. Kou, Mater. Lett., 2010, 64, 223–225 CrossRef CAS. XX/46,XY is most commonly explained by the in utero combination of two fertilized zygotes. Two ova from the mother are fertilized by two sperm from the father. One sperm contains an X chromosome; the other contains a Y chromosome. The result is that a zygote with an XY genotype and a zygote with an XX genotype are produced. Under normal circumstances, the two resulting zygotes would have gone on to become fraternal twins. However, in 46,XX/46,XY, the two zygotes fuse shortly following fertilization to become a two-cell zygote made up of two different nuclei. The zygotes fuse early enough that there is no risk of them developing into conjoined twins. [11] Variations of this mechanism include fertilization of an ovum and its first or second polar body by two sperm. [12] M. Karami, M. Ghanbari, O. Amiri and M. Salavati-Niasari, Sep. Purif. Technol., 2020, 253, 117526 CrossRef CAS. In humans, sexual dimorphism is a consequence of the XY sex-determination system. In normal prenatal sex differentiation, the male and female embryo is anatomically identical until week 7 of the pregnancy, when the presence or the absence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome causes the undetermined gonadal tissue to undergo differentiation and eventually become a pair of testes or ovaries respectively. [ citation needed] The cells of the developing testes produce anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and androgens, causing the reproductive tract and the genitals of the fetus to differentiate. [2] As individuals with 46,XX/46,XY partially express the SRY gene, the normal process by which an embryo normally develops into a phenotypic male or phenotypic female may be significantly affected causing variation in the gonads, the reproductive tract and the genitals. [3] Despite this, there have been cases of completely normal sex differentiation occurring in 46,XX/46,XY individuals reported in the medical literature. [4] [5] [6] 46,XX/46,XY chimerism can be identified during pregnancy by prenatal screening or in early childhood through genetic testing and direct observation. [7]X. Zhou, M. Hu, C. Liu, L. Zhang, X. Zhong, X. Li, Y. Tian, C. Cheng and B. Xu, Nano Energy, 2019, 63, 103866 CrossRef CAS.

a b c d e Chen, CP; Chern, SR; Sheu, JC; Lin, SP; Hsu, CY; Chang, TY; Lee, CC; Wang, W; Chen, CH (2005). "Prenatal diagnosis, sonographic findings and molecular genetic analysis of a 46,XX/46,XY true hermaphrodite chimera". Prenat Diagn. 25 (6): 502–506. doi: 10.1002/pd.1181. PMID 15966046. S2CID 5757722. Fig. 1 (A) Components used in the polymerization reaction; (B) different formulations prepared for encapsulating CsPbBr 3 PNCs; (C) printed logo of INAM using B-1 formulation (up) and without CsPbBr 3 PNCs (down) under UV light; (D) photoluminescence spectra of the formulations with CsPbBr 3; (E) normalized photoluminescence spectra using different PNCs: CsPbBr 3 (PS 1), CsPbCl 1.5Br 1.5 (PS 2) and CsPbCl 2.25Br 0.75 (PS 3). F. Zhao, X. Luo, C. Gu, J. Chen, Z. Hu and Y. Peng, Adv. Mater. Technol., 2022, 2200521 CrossRef CAS. At puberty, a mix of male and female characteristics may emerge. Some individuals will experience deepening of the voice and secondary hair development, while others may experience breast tissue development. [7]Fig. 3 HR-XPS (A) Cs 3d; (B) Br 3d; (C) Pb 4f; and (D) N 1s spectra for pristine CsPbBr 3 PNCs and B-1 samples. German Schützen rifles are found with an extraordinary variety of engraving. The engraver, like the gunmaker, is anonymous, but the work is lovely. Although similar in some ways to true hermaphroditism, the conditions can be distinguished histologically and by karyotyping. [5] The observable characteristics ( phenotype) of this condition are highly variable, ranging from gonadal dysgenesis in males, to Turner-like females and phenotypically normal males. [6] The phenotypical expression may be ambiguous, male or female depending on the extent of the mosaicism. The most common presentation of 45,X/46,XY karyotype is phenotypically normal male, next being genital ambiguity. [7] XX/46,XY can also arise when a haploid ovum undergoes a round of mitosis, and the subsequent daughter cells are fertilized by an X and a Y sperm, respectively. [12] R. J. Parod, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology, ed. P. Wexler, Academic Press, Oxford, 3rd edn, 2014, pp. 578–580, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386454-3.01108-8.