Williams, Ashley R. (August 6, 2023). "Researcher Names recently Discovered 500-million-year-old Sea Worm after Dune Monster". CNN. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023 . Retrieved August 9, 2023.

On June 27, 2017, something strange and terrible began to ripple out across the infrastructure of the world. a b c Dune II: The Building of a Dynasty Insider's Guide (PDF). Westwood Studios. 1992. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2020 . Retrieved May 23, 2020. Greenberg sketches the evolution of a wholly new discipline in the surprisingly lively real-life police procedural [that] deftly teases out technical detail without slowing the narrative."Daniels, James (January 12, 2014). "Toys We Miss: The Long Forgotten Figures From Frank Herbert's Dune". Nerd Bastards. Archived from the original on January 27, 2014 . Retrieved October 30, 2019. Maslin, Janet (December 14, 1984). "Movie Review: Dune (1984)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012 . Retrieved March 15, 2010. Watercutter, Angela (October 25, 2021). "How the Dune VFX and Sound Teams Made Sandworms From Scratch". Wired. Archived from the original on October 25, 2021 . Retrieved November 12, 2021. Desowitz, Bill (November 5, 2021). " Dune: How Denis Villeneuve's VFX Team Created Desert Power for the Sandworms and Ornithopters". IndieWire. Archived from the original on November 5, 2021 . Retrieved November 12, 2021. Gradually over the next 3,500 years, Leto not only survives, but also is transformed into a hybrid of human and giant sandworm. By the time of God Emperor of Dune (1981), he has exterminated all other sandworms, and his own transformation has modified his component sandtrout. When Leto allows himself to be assassinated, the sandtrout release themselves to begin the sandworm lifecycle anew; subsequent offspring are tougher and more adaptable than their predecessors, allowing them to ultimately be more easily settled on other worlds, thus ensuring the survival of the sandworm species. Each one, according to Leto, carries in it a tiny pearl of his consciousness, trapped forever in an unending prescient dream. [23]

a b c Bui, Hoai-Tran (May 19, 2020). " Dune Director Denis Villeneuve Spent a Year Perfecting the Sandworm Design". /Film. Archived from the original on May 20, 2020 . Retrieved May 22, 2020. Geryk, Bruce (May 19, 2008). "A History of Real-Time Strategy Games: Dune II". GameSpot. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009 . Retrieved May 22, 2020. a b c Snyder, Daniel D. (March 14, 2014). "The Messy, Misunderstood Glory of David Lynch's Dune". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014 . Retrieved May 22, 2020.The sandtrout are described as "flat and leathery" in Children of Dune, with Leto II noting that they are "roughly diamond-shaped" with "no head, no extremities, no eyes" and "coarse interlacings of extruded cilia". [18] They can find water unerringly, and squeezing the sandtrout yields a "sweet green syrup". [18] When water is flooded into the sandtrout's excretions, a pre-spice mass is formed; at this "stage of fungusoid wild growth", gases are produced which result in "a characteristic 'blow', exchanging the material from deep underground for the matter on the surface above it". [11] [19] After exposure to sun and air, this mass becomes melange. [19] [11] Nominees/Winners (Outstanding Special Visual Effects)". National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021 . Retrieved February 1, 2019. Hechtel, Sibylle (2008). "The Biology of the Sandworm". In Grazier, Kevin R. (ed.). The Science of Dune: An Unauthorized Exploration into the Real Science Behind Frank Herbert's Fictional Universe. Psychology of Popular Culture. Dallas, TX: BenBella Books. pp. 29–47. ISBN 978-1-933771-28-1. The process of sandworm creation began when sandtrout banded together after converging on a store of water deep beneath the surface of Arrakis. Indeed, water did occur naturally on Arrakis. However, due to the aforementioned process, it was always destroyed. The sandtrout/water mixture was then converted into a liquid chemical that the sandworm was capable of digesting without being poisoned. On a side note, this chemical could erupt up to the desert's surface in a violent explosion called a Spice blow.