Palomares, F.; Caro, T. M. (1999). "Interspecific Killing among Mammalian Carnivores" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 153 (#5): 492–508. doi: 10.1086/303189. hdl: 10261/51387. PMID 29578790. S2CID 4343007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Evans, A. L.; Sahlén, V.; Støen, O. G.; Fahlman, Å.; Brunberg, S.; Madslien, K.; Forbert, O.; Swenson, J.E.; Arnemo, J. M. (2012). "Capture, anesthesia, and disturbance of free-ranging brown bears ( Ursus arctos) during hibernation". PLOS ONE. 7 (#7): e40520. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...740520E. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040520. PMC 3398017. PMID 22815757. Mattson, D. J. (1990). "Human impacts on bear habitat use" (PDF). Bears: Their Biology and Management. 8: 33–56. doi: 10.2307/3872901. JSTOR 3872901. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. a b Jones, S. V. (1923). "Color variations in wild animals". Journal of Mammalogy. 4 (#3): 172–177. doi: 10.2307/1373567. JSTOR 1373567. Lan, T.; Gill, S.; Bellemain, E.; Bischof, R.; Zawaz, M. A.; Lindqvist, C. (2017). "Evolutionary history of enigmatic bears in the Tibetan Plateau–Himalaya region and the identity of the yeti". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1, 868): 20,171,804. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1804. PMC 5740279. PMID 29187630.

prefixes - Big Brown Bear Matching prefixes - Big Brown Bear

Servheen, C., Waller, J., & Kasworm, W. (1998). Fragmentation effects of high-speed highways on grizzly bear populations shared between the United States and Canada. International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation (ICOWET 1998). a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Mammalian Species- Ursus arctos" (PDF). American Society of Mammalogists, Smith College. 23 April 1993. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2017. These omnivorous giants tend to be solitary animals, except for females and their cubs, but at times they do congregate. Dramatic gatherings can be seen at prime Alaskan fishing spots when the salmon swim upstream for summer spawning. In this season dozens of bears may gather to feast on the fish, craving fats that will sustain them through the long winter ahead. In fall a brown bear may eat as much as 90 pounds of food each day, and it may weigh twice as much before hibernation as it will in spring. Kurtén, B. (1964). "The evolution of the polar bear, Ursus maritimus (Phipps)". Acta Zoologica Fennica. 108: 1–26.Christiansen, Per (2008). "Feeding ecology and morphology of the upper canines in bears (carnivora: Ursidae)". Journal of Morphology. 269 (#7): 896–908. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10643. PMID 18488989. S2CID 33532210. Moe, T. F.; Kindberg, J.; Jansson, I.; Swenson, J. E. (2007). "Importance of diel behaviour when studying habitat selection: examples from female Scandinavian brown bears ( Ursus arctos)". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 85 (#4): 518−525. doi: 10.1139/Z07-034.

Big Brown Bear Prefixes Game - Big Brown Bear

The mating season is from mid-May to early July, shifting later the further north the bears are found. [73] [56] [108] Being serially monogamous, brown bears remain with the same mate from a couple of days to a couple of weeks. [13] [109] Outside of this narrow time frame, adult male and female brown bears show no sexual interest in each other. [13] Females mature sexually between the age of four and eight years of age, with an average age at sexual maturity of 5.2–5.5 years old, while males first mate about a year later on average, when they are large and strong enough to successfully compete with other males for mating rights. [110] [104] [111] Males will try to mate with as many females as they can; usually a successful one mates with two females in a span of one to three weeks. [55] [111] The adult female brown bear is similarly promiscuous, mating with up to four, rarely even eight, males while in heat and potentially breeding with two males in a single day. Females come into oestrus on average every three to four years, with a full range of 2.4 to 5.7 years. The urine markings of a female in oestrus can attract several males via scent. [76] [56] [112] [113] [114] [115] [105] [116] Paternity DNA tests have shown that littermates do not share the same father in up to 29% of litters. [105] Dominant males may try to sequester a female for her entire oestrus period of approximately two weeks, but usually are unable to retain her for the entire time. [56] [105] Copulation is vigorous and prolonged and can last up to an hour, although the mean time is about 23–24 minutes. [56] [117] Grizzly bear cubs often imitate their mothers closely. a b c d McLellan, Bruce; Reiner, David C. (1994). "A Review of bear evolution" (PDF). Int. Conf. Bear Res. And Manage. 9 (1): 85–96. doi: 10.2307/3872687. JSTOR 3872687. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Barnes Jr, V.; Smith, R. (1993). "Cub adoption by brown bears ( Ursus arctos middendorffi) on Kodiak Island, Alaska". Canadian Field-Naturalist. 107: 365–367. Adams, Andrew Leith (1867) Wanderings of a naturalist in India: the western Himalayas, and Cashmere, Edmonston and Douglas Klinka, D. R.; Reimchen, T. E. (2002). "Nocturnal and diurnal foraging behaviour of brown bears ( Ursus arctos) on a salmon stream in coastal British Columbia" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80 (#8): 1317−1322. doi: 10.1139/z02-123. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.Hissa, R.; Siekkinen, J.; Hohtola, E.; Saarela, S.; Hakala, A.; Pudas, J. (1994). "Seasonal patterns in the physiology of the European brown bear ( Ursus arctos arctos) in Finland". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology. 109 (#3): 781–791. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90222-4. PMID 8529017. French, S. P.; French, M. G. (1990). "Predatory behavior of grizzly bears feeding on elk calves in Yellowstone National Park, 1986–1988" (PDF). International Conf. Bear Res. And Manage. 8: 335–341. doi: 10.2307/3872937. JSTOR 3872937. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Brown, Susan, A (17 January 2010). "Inherited behavior traits of the domesticated ferret". weaselwords.com . Retrieved 29 January 2010. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Alaska is bear territory!". Alaska Office of Economic Development. Dced.state.ak.us. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009 . Retrieved 10 October 2009.

Count - Big Brown Bear Phoneme Count - Big Brown Bear

Gittleman, J. L. (1994). "Female brain size and parental care in carnivores". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 91 (#12): 5495–5497. Bibcode: 1994PNAS...91.5495G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.12.5495. PMC 44022. PMID 8202515.a b Mörner, T.; Eriksson, H.; Bröjer, C.; Nilsson, K.; Uhlhorn, H.; Ågren, E.; Segerstad, C.H.; Jansson, D.S.; Gavier-Widén, D. (2005). "Diseases and mortality in free-ranging brown bear ( Ursus arctos), gray wolf ( Canis lupus), and wolverine ( Gulo gulo) in Sweden". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 41 (#2): 298–303. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-41.2.298. PMID 16107663. S2CID 43774546. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (17 November 2006). "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designating the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Population of Grizzly Bears as a Distinct Population Segment; Removing the Yellowstone Distinct Population Segment of Grizzly Bears From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife" (PDF). Federal Register. 70 (221): 69854–69884. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 August 2006. Kingsley, M. C. S.; Nagy, J. A.; Russell, R. H. (1983). "Patterns of weight gain and loss for grizzly bears in northern Canada". Bears: Their Biology and Management. 5: 174–178. doi: 10.2307/3872535. JSTOR 3872535. S2CID 90555276.