Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250, Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge University Press. pp.221–222. ISBN 9780521815390 . Retrieved 11 February 2015– via Google Books. a b Achankeng, Fonkem (2014). "The Foumban "Constitutional" Talks and Prior Intentions of Negotiating: A Historico-Theoretical Analysis of a False Negotiation and the Ramications for Political Developments in Cameroon". Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective. 9: 149.

Ergun, Ayça. "Citizenship, National Identity, and Nation-Building in Azerbaijan: Between the Legacy of the Past and the Spirit of Independence." Nationalities Papers (2021): 1–18. online Individuals may form communities, but it is institutions alone that can create a nation” - Benjamin Disraeli There are three notable perspectives on how nations developed. Primordialism (perennialism), which reflects popular conceptions of nationalism but has largely fallen out of favour among academics, [31] proposes that there have always been nations and that nationalism is a natural phenomenon. Ethnosymbolism explains nationalism as a dynamic, evolving phenomenon and stresses the importance of symbols, myths and traditions in the development of nations and nationalism. Modernization theory, which has superseded primordialism as the dominant explanation of nationalism, [32] adopts a constructivist approach and proposes that nationalism emerged due to processes of modernization, such as industrialization, urbanization, and mass education, which made national consciousness possible. [6] [33] Hippler, Jochen, ed. (2005). Nation-building: a key concept for peaceful conflict transformation?. translated by Barry Stone. London: Pluto. ISBN 978-0745323367.

I had never expected that I would see freedom for India in my lifetime. Since that had materialized, my life's ambition was achieved. Further I had been overworked and was feeling the strain. I had not taken a rest for many years' says Menon in his book 'The Integration of Indian States' in respect of the offer made to him by Sardar Patel to take up the Secretaryship of the States Ministry. He conveyed to Sardar that he had planned to retire from Government Service after 15th August 1947. Official copy (free preview): "The Clash of Civilizations?". Foreign Affairs. Summer 1993. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Mylonas, Harris (2012). The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. New York: Cambridge University Press. Richmond, Edmun B. (1993). "Senegambia and the Confederation: History, Expectations, and Disillusions". Journal of Third World Studies. 10 (2): 172–194. JSTOR 45193442 . Retrieved 28 September 2021.

Hobsbawm, E.; Ranger, T. (1983). The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Changing populations has also been used to forge national identities, sometimes through inhumane means. The ethnic cleansing campaigns that marked the fighting in the Balkans in the 1990s are examples, as is the expansion of the ethnic Han from their original home in northern China to their current domination of the nation. The shuffling of populations after World War II, Fukuyama said, is a big factor in the stability of today’s Europe. Rogers Brubaker, Citizenship and nationhood in France and Germany, Harvard University Press, 1992, ISBN 978-0-674-13178-1 Gorski, Philip S. (2000). "The Mosaic Moment: An Early Modernist Critique of the Modernist Theory of Nationalism". American Journal of Sociology. 105 (5): 1428–68. doi: 10.1086/210435. JSTOR 3003771. S2CID 144002511. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022 . Retrieved 27 April 2023.