However, there may be a fine line between what is voluntary and what is required and given the Advocate General’s Opinion in Commission v UK, prudent employers should not knowingly allow or encourage workers to regularly forgo their rest periods or rest breaks. In such cases, an employee must advise their manager of the type of work, which they are performing, and any contracts, which they may hold. One of the most common applications of a time calculator is to determine what time will be a given number of hours into the future. However, the civilizations first to invent this used either a 60-based or a 12-based system (duodecimal).

Line Managers will have to take adequate steps to ensure that patient care is not affected as a result of employees working over the maximum weekly limit.

There will be exceptional circumstances where time off in lieu will be required to be given and local arrangements will be required to be made.

Where an employee works less than an average of 48 hours per week (over a 17 week reference period), a copy of the contract of employment and any relevant duty and overtime sheets would be sufficient evidence that the 48 hour week is not being exceeded. Doctors and Dentists, including Doctors and Dentists in training have been covered by the provisions of this agreement since 2009 (see CEL 14 (2009) However, it is still possible for Doctors to work longer hours by signing an opt-out clause. Sleep is far from perfectly understood, and the amount of sleep a person needs can vary largely based on certain metrics, such as age, as well as entirely individually. Any local agreement about breaks, might deal with matters other than the mere duration of the break, including whether any notice from the employee to their Line Manager of their intention to take the break is necessary.If you take part in such a scheme, enter the amount you sacrifice into the box (choose NI only or tax exempt according to your scheme) and choose whether this is on a yearly, monthly or weekly basis. Time spent travelling to and from a place of work is not working time, unless the employee is engaged in travel during the course of their duties.

Most workers are entitled to rest breaks but some jobs mean you don’t have an automatic legal right to breaks.There are 119 days in the reference period and 17 weekly rest periods of 24 hours to which the employee is entitled. In exceptional circumstances where, because of the needs of the service, this is not practicable, daily rest may be less than 11 hours. Where an employee changes shift, it may not be possible for them to take their full rest entitlement prior to starting their new pattern of work.