The integration layer acts as an interface between the data import and export. Performing SIT at this layer requires some basic knowledge of certain technology like schema (XSD), XML, WSDL, DTD, and EDI. It is challenging to find the root cause of the issue in this approach as everything is integrated at once as opposed to incremental testing. This approach is generally adopted when only one round of SIT is required. Large software developments will divide software integration into a number of levels. The lower levels of software integration could be based predominantly in the host environment,with later levels of software integration becoming more dependent on the target environment. Almetta C. Brooks, “White Patrons Balk Negro Sitdowners,” Greensboro Daily News, February 13, 1960, A3; and “Negro Pupils Crowd Store; It Closes,” Greensboro Daily News, February 14, 1960, A1.

Once the cluster is tested, the driver is removed, and the cluster is combined with the next upper level. This process goes on until the whole application structure is achieved. Delegates to Youth Leadership Conference,” April 21, 1960; “142 Students Push Integration Drive,” Atlanta Constitution, April 18, 1960, 5; and Dienstfrey, “Conference on the Sit-Ins.” Schmidt, Sit-Ins. Prior to the publication of this book, the only book-length accounts of the sit-ins were two sociology dissertations written in the 1960s:

they were sitting in a traffic jam for two hours→ estuvieron dos horas metidos en un atasco sin moverse

Goldenberg, J.; Lehmann D.; Mazursky D. (2001). "The idea itself and the circumstances of its emergence as predictors of new product success". Management Science. 47 (1): 69–84. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.47.1.69.10670. JSTOR 2661560. The simplicity of the sit-in protest was critical to its success. As a protest tactic, the genius of the lunch counter sit-in was its ability to convey a clear, powerful message through such a simple act. The protests were easily replicated. New groups of students could be readily drawn into the movement. A phone call from a friend or family member, a picture in a newspaper, a report on the radio was often all that was needed to plant the spark in another city. Through the winter and spring of 1960, students across the South performed the same basic routines again and again. Put on nice clothes. Gather for a discussion of logistics, some final words of inspiration, perhaps a prayer. Then walk into a local drugstore or department store, sit down at the lunch counter, and request service. Staging a sit-in protest did not require elaborate planning (although as the sit-in movement unfolded, civil rights organizations and lawyers played an increasingly significant role). Just a handful of people could initiate one, as the Greensboro Four showed the world. The remarkable spread of the sit-in protest across the South was made possible by the accessibility and replicability of the protest action itself. 58 The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., vol. 5, ed. Clayborne Carson (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992).Such widely known methods as brainstorming, synectics, random stimulation and lateral thinking (identified with Edward de Bono) can be traced to this approach. More recent studies reveal the appearance of a different approach. These studies show that the main difficulty faced by problem solvers is not generating a large quantity of ideas but coming up with original ones. The former parallel drawn between quantity and quality appears to no longer hold true. It was discovered that a large flow of ideas does not necessarily lead to the creation of original ones and further, that the very occupation with ordinary ideas may actually hamper creativity and innovative thought. [3] [4]

The difference between TRIZ and SIT in this respect is that in SIT the Closed World condition is the most important principle. This is particularly applicable when the template approach is applied to problem solving. Both TRIZ and SIT share a basic assumption - that one can study existing creative ideas in a field, identify common logical patterns in these ideas, translate the patterns into a set of Thinking Tools, and then apply these Thinking Tools to generate new creative ideas. In spite of the commonalities, SIT strongly differs from TRIZ in several important respects, having to do mainly with its practical application. [7] From TRIZ to SIT [ edit ] Whenever a tester is handing over the completed tested project to the client/end-user then the client/end-user will again test the project to see if it is designed correctly. This is called User Acceptance Testing.have official position• [intransitive] to have an official position as something or as a member of something The closed-world condition, by contrast, forces the thinker to find a creative solution by heavily limiting the space of possibilities. Since the scope of possibilities is artificially limited there is no choice but to reconsider the relations between elements found within the problem and pay closer attention to them: their arrangement in space and time; their assigned functions and their necessity. Gene Roberts and Hank Klibanoff, The Race Beat: The Press, the Civil Rights Struggle, and the Awakening of a Nation (New York, NY: Knopf, 2006). Negroes Throng Sitdown Trials,” New York Times, March 1, 1960, 20; “N.Y. Coeds Describe Sit-Down,” Amsterdam News, March 12, 1960, 26; and Halberstam, “Good City Gone Ugly,” 17–19. Incremental integration is the contrast to the big bang approach. The program is constructed and tested in small segments, where errors are easier to isolate and correct. Interfaces are more likely to be tested completely, and a systematic test approach may be applied.