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Why sea level matters

From 2020 to 2050, the eight highlighted countries are expected to account for about half of the world's projected population increase: India, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Egypt, and Indonesia. [5] [6] Population projections of the largest metropolitan areas [ edit ] Kirwan, M. L. et al. Limits on the adaptability of coastal marshes to rising sea level. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L23401 (2010).

Woodroffe, C. D. & Murray-Wallace, C. V. Sea-level rise and coastal change: the past as a guide to the future. Quater. Sci. Rev. 54, 4–11 (2012). Based on the number of citing articles (SLR articles themselves) and their corresponding citations from 1990 to 2021, the research sub-themes “coastal wetlands and estuaries”, “Quaternary sea-level”, and “coastal erosion and shoreline changes” were generally, consistently active and rising; “pre-Quaternary sea-level”, “glacial isostatic adjustments and eustatic sea-level changes”, “earthquakes and abrupt changes”, and “geological wetlands dynamics” were declining; “sedimentation and stratigraphy” was fluctuating; and “global sea-level reconstruction and projection”, “high-end sea-level and ice sheets dynamics”, “extreme sea-levels and flood hazards”, “vulnerability and adaptation”, “contemporary saltmarsh-mangrove dynamics”, “mega deltas”, “coastal adaptation and resilience”, and “coral reefs and atoll islands” were emerging and attracting growing attention in recent years (Fig. 3g). Further details regarding each research sub-theme are presented in the Supplementary Table S2 and Supplementary Fig. S2. It should be noted that the observed trends reported herein are in the context of SLR science and different trajectories and level of activities may be observed for these sub-themes in other fields of science. Cilluffo, Anthony; Ruiz, Neil (June 17, 2019). "World's Population is Projected to Nearly Stop Growing by the end of the Century". Pew Research Center. REMARKABLE GROWTH EXPATS OUTNUMBER BAHRAINIS IN 2010 CENSUS". Bahraini Census 2010. 2010-11-28. Archived from the original on February 19, 2011 . Retrieved 14 February 2011.Schuerch, M. et al. Future response of global coastal wetlands to sea-level rise. Nature 561, 231–234 (2018). The 2022 projections from the United Nations Population Division (chart #1) show that annual world population growth peaked at 2.3% per year in 1963, has since dropped to 0.9% in 2023, equivalent to about 74 million people each year, and projected that it could drop even further to minus 0.1% by 2100. [4] Based on this, the UN projected that the world population, 8 billion as of 2023 [update], would peak around the year 2086 at about 10.4 billion, and then start a slow decline, assuming a continuing decrease in the global average fertility rate from 2.5 births per woman during the 2015–2020 period to 1.8 by the year 2100, (the medium-variant projection). [5] [6]