All prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and crossover studies will be included in this study. Traditional Korean Chuna has become Modern Korean Chuna by integrating Chinese Tuina, American chiropractic practice and osteopathy, and Japanese manipulation techniques.

The effectiveness of manual therapy for relieving pain, stiffness and dysfunction in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In conclusion, to prove the effects of C(T)MT on the pain and dysfunction associated with musculoskeletal disease, high-quality RCTs such as sham-controlled studies with standardized interventions are needed. Six RCTs compared the effects of C(T)MT plus drugs on pain to the effects of drugs only ( Figure 2 and Table 2). The nutritional value of chuna is high; it contains many essential nutrients such as calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium. A rich source of calcium, limestone has numerous benefits which have been discussed in this article.

Calcium stimulation of gastrin and gastric acid secretion: effect of small doses of calcium carbonate. Although our analyses included only 1 sham-controlled RCT comparing C(T)MT to sham C(T)MT [ 40], this study showed that C(T)MT has an immediate effect on pain relief.

This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of manual therapy, focused on the use of Chuna in the management of COPD patients. Recently, Chuna has had its effects nationally recognized and was included in the Korean national health insurance in March 2019. Moreover, the drop-out percentage in the short-term did not surpass 20%, and, in the long-term, the rate did not go over 30%. Furthermore, our analysis assumed that C(T)MT did not cause serious complications compared to other interventions [ 76, 78, 79, 86, 87].The lack of standardization may be due to the fact that the effectiveness of C(T)MT can be influenced by many variables, including C(T)MT techniques, application of time duration for each treatment and the number of treatments, their lengths and repeats.