In 1906, an American Museum of Natural History expedition led by American paleontologist Barnum Brown discovered the type specimen of Ankylosaurus magniventris (AMNH 5895) in the Hell Creek Formation, near Gilbert Creek, Montana. The specimen (found by collector Peter Kaisen) consisted of the upper part of a skull, two teeth, part of the shoulder girdle, cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, ribs, and more than thirty osteoderms (armor plates). Brown scientifically described the animal in 1908; the generic name is derived from the Greek words αγκυλος ankulos ('bent' or 'crooked'), referring to the medical term ankylosis, the stiffness produced by the fusion of bones in the skull and body, and σαυρος sauros ('lizard'). The name can be translated as "fused lizard", "stiff lizard", or "curved lizard". The type species name, magniventris, is derived from the Latin: magnus ('great') and Latin: venter ('belly'), referring to the great width of the animal's body. [2] [3] [4] 1908 skeletal reconstruction of the holotype, with missing parts restored after Stegosaurus Triceratops’ name means ‘three-horned face’. This fearsome-looking herbivore was found in western America during the late Cretaceous Period. It may have lived in herds. Carpenter, Kenneth (1998). "Armor of Stegosaurus stenops, and the taphonomic history of a new specimen from Garden Park, Colorado". Modern Geology. 23: 127–44. In 1990, American paleontologist Walter P. Coombs pointed out that the teeth of two skulls assigned to A. magniventris differed from those of the holotype specimen in some details, and though he expressed a "considerate temptation" to name a new species of Ankylosaurus for these, he refrained from doing so, as the range of variation in the species was not completely documented. He also raised the possibility that the two teeth associated with the holotype specimen perhaps did not belong to it, as they were found in matrix within the nasal chambers. [13] The American paleontologist Kenneth Carpenter accepted the teeth as belonging to A. magniventris in 2004, and that all the specimens belonged to the same species, noting that the teeth of other ankylosaurs are highly variable. [10]

The unique characteristic of the Futalognkosaurus is that the neural spines were so large and ran almost the full length of its body. It weighed at least 33 tons, and its body length was 79 feet. Final Thoughts Spiny is the only one of the six main dinosaurs that did not appear in his chibi form in his debut episode. Dacentrurus were herbivores and moved on all fours. Like other armored dinosaurs, they had plates, and spikes covering their body. The spikes along their body and tail are in two rows, unlike other species of Stegosauridae, which usually only have one row of spikes. 6. Dicraeosaurus So different is this new fossil that at first Susannah and her colleagues weren't even sure what animal it once belonged to.Ornithomimus means ‘bird mimic’. It is so-named due to its bird-like feet. Fossils indicate that Ornithomimus had feathers. Having armour fused to a rib is just totally bizarre,' says Susannah. 'It is totally unlike any extant or extinct vertebrate that we are aware of. We don't see this phenomenon of an osteoderm fusing to a rib in any other vertebrate, living or dead. While nodosaurs share the armor and tank-like build of Ankylosaurus, they did not have the dinosaur’s clubbed tail. In 2011, the unearthing of a remarkably well-preserved nodosaur fossil— one of the best ever found—offered new insight into the nodosaur’s pigmentation, which may have served as camouflage, as well as the size and shape of its armor. The discovery of a fossilized ball of digested plant matter in this animal’s stomach also confirmed what researchers had suspected about armored dinosaurs: They preferred to graze on ferns and other low-growing plants.

Velociraptor was armed with sharp teeth and sharp claws. Its most fearsome weapons were the large, curved inner claws on either foot. These were probably used not only for slashing and ripping, but also to grab and restrain the velociraptor’s unfortunate prey. According to the researchers who examined the dinosaur for a peer-reviewed journal article in Nature Ecology and Evolution,remainsof the newly discovered animal are believed to be the first to have defensive spikes that are fused to the skeleton -– a featurenever seen on a dinosaur before.Brontosaurus, like other sauropods, probably traveled in herds and used their sheer size as a primary defense against predators. Tlatolophus probably stretched about 26 feet from snout to tail and stood about 6.5 feet tall at the hip. Based on its well-preserved skull, scientists think that the animal was a close cousin of the iconic crested lambeosaur Parasaurolophus, which are seen drinking from a lake near the beginning of the movie Jurassic Park. The Dacentrurus has two large rows of spikes running down its body, which is unique since one row is more common. Carpenter, Kenneth; Sanders, Frank; McWhinney, Lorrie A. & Wood, Lowell (2005). "Evidence for predator-prey relationships: Examples for Allosaurus and Stegosaurus". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.). The Carnivorous Dinosaurs. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. p. 325. ISBN 978-0-253-34539-4. Costa, Francisco; Mateus, Octávio (November 13, 2019). "Dacentrurine stegosaurs (Dinosauria): A new specimen of Miragaia longicollum from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America". PLOS ONE. 14 (11): –0224263. Bibcode: 2019PLoSO..1424263C. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224263. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6853308. PMID 31721771.

Designed to be an “online dinosaur museum”, it’s a great place to start if you want to find out more about a particular dinosaur. In all known species of ankylosaurs, this armour would have been embedded in their skin, meaning that this new fossil in which the armour is physically fused to the bones is unlike anything seen before. Titanosauria which lived on all continents and their fossil remains, have mostly been found in North America (the Southwestern US states of New Mexico and Texas), South America, Argentina, China, Mongolia, and Australia. Some of the largest skeletal remains have been found in Argentina.Notable for its twin crests on its skull, Dilophosaurus is an early theropod that was likely a fast and agile predator. While popular media depicted it spitting venom, there’s no scientific evidence supporting this idea. The Dacentrurus lived during the Late Jurassic period and is a large Stegosauridae species. They reached a length of around 23 to 26 feet (7 to 8 meters) and weighed up to 5 tons (10000 lbs). Dacentrurus lived until the late Cretaceous extinction event and inhabited what is now Europe. 20 fossil specimens of this dinosaur have been discovered. Spain, France, and the United Kingdom are some of the areas this species’ remains were discovered in. Iguanodon was a large, plant-eating dinosaur, able to walk on two and four legs. It lived in the early Cretaceous Period. Defense – The main and obvious explanation for the spikes is that titanosaurs used them for defense against predators. These body features occur mostly on herbivores, even today, to have a way to fend off carnivores. Normally, osteoderms fall off and become displaced when a dinosaur dies. "In this case, those osteoderms are still preserved in the skin," Brown said. "Not only that, the osteoderms are capped with layers of keratin, the same stuff your fingernails are made of. Normally, it doesn't fossilize."

Megalosaurus was discovered in England. It was the first dinosaur to be named. Surgeon and geologist James Parkinson identified some fossilised remains as being those of a reptile. He named it ‘Megalosaurus’, which means ‘great lizard’. This was in 1824: almost twenty years before Sir Richard Owen invented the word ‘dinosaur’!

Ceratosuchops inferodios translates to “horned, crocodile-faced hell heron,” inspired by the theory that spinosaurids were riverbank predators like today’s herons. Riparovenator milnerae means “Milner’s riverbank hunter,” a tribute to British spinosaurid expert Angela Milner. Each dinosaur was probably about 26 feet long and roughly 6.6 feet tall at the hip. So what’s the evidence that Bajadasaurus evolved a “fence” of forward-pointing spikes for defense? For now, the hypothesis is untested.