Edwin Ernest Rich, Charles Wilson (1967). The Cambridge economic history of Europe, Volume 1. CUP Archive, 1967. In the Thirties, Adolf Hitler commissioned his favourite artists, such as Josef Thorak, Arno Breker and Fritz Klimsch, to produce a number of huge bronze sculptures that depicted German power and mastery. They included Thorak’s Schreitende Pferde (“Striding Horses”), two 10ft tall equine statues that were placed on either side of the steps to the garden at the rear of Hitler’s Chancellery in Berlin. “Whenever he stared outside,” writes Arthur Brand, “hatching plans to conquer the world, his view would include Thorak’s horses.” After the war, Kaspar received numerous state commissions, including the national coat of arms tapestry in the Senate Hall of the Bavarian state parliament. Most strikingly, though, Kaspar finished work he had started under the Third Reich. He began his monumental wall mosaic for the Congress Hall of Munich’s German Museum in 1935, finally completing it in 1955. Commissioned by Hitler at the height of his power, the colossal twin "Striding Horses" had stood in the garden of Hitler's seat of government from 1939 to 1943.They were part of the thousands of bronze works crafted for the Nazi regime in its quest to transform Berlin into the imperial global capital of "Germania." Who was Josef Thorak? John Gaylor. Sons of John Company – the Indian and Pakistan Armies 1903–1991. ISBN 0-946771-98-7. pp. 13–14.

Hitler’s Horses: the true tale of Dutch ‘art detective

Jeffrey T. Fowler,illustrated by Mike Chappell (2001). Axis Cavalry in World War II. Men At Arms 361 Osprey. ISBN 1-84176-323-3, ISBN 978-1-84176-323-1. The official version, after all, is that West Germany was no haven for Nazis and that after 1945 a radical new aesthetic emerged. Indeed, a parallel exhibition at the museum tells the history of Documenta, the contemporary art show that takes place in Kassel every five years. When federal president Theodor Heuss opened the first Documenta in 1955, artists who had flourished in the Nazi era were not allowed to exhibit there since they were deemed unsuited to the modernist, anti-Nazi self-image of the young republic.Waller, Anna L. (1958). "Horses and Mules and National Defense". Army Quartermaster Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-08-27 . Retrieved 2008-07-17. Nigel Thomas, illustrated by Stephen Andrew (1999). The German Army, 1939–45 (4): Eastern Front, 1943–45. Men At Arms 330 Osprey. ISBN 1-85532-796-1, ISBN 978-1-85532-796-2 A standard Soviet 1941 rifle division of 14,483 men relied on horse logistics and had a supply train of 3,039 horses, half of the complement of the 1941 German infantry division. [80] Various reorganizations made Soviet units smaller and leaner; the last divisional standard (December 1944), beefed up against the 1943 minimum, provided for only 1,196 horses for a regular division and 1,155 horses for a Guards division. [81] By this time few divisions ever had more than half of their standard human complement, and their logistic capacities were downgraded accordingly. [81] Debacle of 1941 [ edit ] Charles W. Sydnor (1997). Soldiers of destruction: the SS Death's Head Division, 1933–1945. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00853-1, ISBN 978-0-691-00853-0.

Hitler’s missing horse statues solved - The Mystery of Hitler’s missing horse statues solved - The

Kevin Conley Ruffner (1990). Luftwaffe Field Divisions 1941–45. Men At Arms 229. Osprey. ISBN 1-85532-100-9, ISBN 978-1-85532-100-7. From 1937 onward, Thorak became one of the preferred sculptors of the Nazis, commissioned to create countless propaganda sculptures emphasizing the supposed strength and glory of theregime. After the 1940 Louisiana Maneuvers cavalry units were gradually reformed into Armored Corps, starting with Adna R. Chaffee's 1st Armored Corps in July 1940. [112] Another novelty introduced after the maneuvers, the Bantam 4×4 car, soon became known as the jeep and replaced the horse itself. [33] Debates over the integration of armor and horse units continued through 1941 [113] but the failure of these attempts "to marry horse with armor" was evident even to casual civilian observers. [114] The office of Chief of Cavalry was eliminated in March 1942, and the newly formed ground forces began mechanization of the remaining horse units. [115] The 1st Cavalry Division was reorganized as an infantry unit but retained its designation. [116]Replacement of horses with armored cars in British cavalry began in 1928. Over the following eleven years all regular mounted regiments stationed in the United Kingdom, other than the Household Cavalry, were motorized, [4] and their horses sold or allocated to other units. Mechanised cavalry regiments retained their traditional titles but were grouped with the Royal Tank Regiment as part of the Royal Armoured Corps established in April 1939. [99] Williamson Murray, Allan R. Millett (1998). Military innovation in the interwar period. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-63760-0, ISBN 978-0-521-63760-2