ikhfāʼ shafawī ("labial concealment"): the mīm is suppressed (i.e. lips not fully closed) when followed by a ب, with a ghunnah; Consider the mīm that is suppressed in the fourth verse of the chapter Al-Fil: And the more you listen to these pronunciations and follow them correctly, the better your recitation grows. Recite aloud The term mīm sākinah refers to instances where the letter mīm is accompanied by a sukun. There are then three ways it should be pronounced, depending on which letter immediately follows:

iqlāb ("conversion"): the nūn sound is converted to a / m/ sound with imperfect closure if it is followed by a ب. [11] Additionally, it is pronounced with ghunnah, i.e. nasalization which can be held for two morae. Consider the nūn sound on the tanwīn on the letter jīm that is pronounced as a mīm instead in the chapter Al-Hajj: One simple way to understand this is, how would we know what to emphasise in a given passage if we didn’t have the correct pronunciation? Observing the rules of Tajweedin reciting protects the person from making mistakes. Tajweed During the Prophet’s Lifetime Plural mim is the ending of هُمْ or كُمْ as noun suffixes and تُمْ as a verb suffix, which normally end as /hum/, /kum/ and /tum/ respectively. But in some cases /hum/ becomes /him/; nevertheless, it continues as /him-u/. These three always take a damma /-u/.Nelson, Kristina (2001). The Art of Reciting the Qur'an. Cairo; New York: American University in Cairo Press. The five qalqalah letters are the consonants ق ط د ج ب. Qalqalah is the addition of a slight "bounce" or reduced vowel sound / ə/ to the consonant whose vowel sound is otherwise cancelled, such as by a sukūn, shaddah, or the end of sentence. [12] The "lesser bounce" occurs when the letter is in the middle of a word or at the end of the word but the reader joins it to the next word. A "medium bounce" is given when the letter is at the end of the word but is not accompanied by a shaddah, such as the end of the first verse of the Sūrat "al-Falaq": [12] And we give them their dues by observing the characteristics of each letter that are present in them some of the time and not present at other times.

This rule is put for the letters noon (ن) and meem (م) which have a shaddah mark (نً / مً ) with Ghunnah of 2 beats. 2. Al Qalqalah: It was therefore necessary that Tajweed rules should be scientifically formulated on a uniform basis for Arabs and non-Arabs for preserving the same wording, sounds, accent, pronunciation and meanings. idgham mutamathilayn ("labial merging") when followed by another mīm (usually indicated by a shaddah): the mīm is then merged with the following mīm and includes a ghunnah; Tajwid: The Art of Recitation of the Holy Qur'an by Dr. Abdul Majid Khan, Tughra Books 2013. http://www.tughrabooks.com/books/detail/tajwid-the-art-of-the-recitation-of-the-quran Hamza on the fourth row is an exception to 'ending on any ḥarakah.' It's only in the case of hamza having fathatayn, not otherwise.

Prolongation refers to the number of morae (beats of time) that are pronounced when a voweled letter ( fatḥah, ḍammah, kasrah) is followed by a madd letter ( alif, yāʼ or wāw). The number of morae then becomes two. If these are at the end of the sentence, such as in all the verses in " al-Fatiha", then the number of morae can be more than two, but must be consistent from verse to verse. Additionally, if there is a maddah sign over the madd letter, it is held for four or five morae when followed by a hamzah ( ء) and six morae when followed by a shaddah. [10] For example, the end of the last verse in " al-Fatiha" has a six-mora maddah due to the shaddah on the ل ( lām). The ideal way in which to learn how to read with Tajweed is under the guidance of a qualified teacher so that help can be given regarding correct pronunciation and mistakes corrected. The importance of this cannot be under estimated simply because of the requirement to be heard and corrected.

There are 17 emission points ( makhārij al-ḥurūf) of the letters, located in various regions of the throat, tongue, lips, nose, and the mouth as a whole for the prolonged ( madd or mudd) letters. You will be able to connect with the Quran on a deeper level, as you will be able to appreciate its beauty and eloquence. Renew your intention every day that you are making that effort just for Allah and his beloved prophet Mohammed (PBUH).If the correct pronunciation was not followed, mistakes in understanding could follow. So, the science of Tajweed developed. In most of the cases, the vowel that must be used before the alif waṣlah is obvious (the short or long vowel before alif waṣlah); but if it is preceded by a word ending on a sukun, then these are the rules: Wehr, Hans (1993). The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (4thed.). Spoken Language Services; 4th edition. p.376. ISBN 0879500034. The more familiar you get with the words and the more you can apply what you have learned and heard. Many thanks for your question. It is of topical interest for all Muslims. May Allah bless you and please keep in touch.