In 2021, world production of tomatoes was 189 million tonnes, with China accounting for 35% of the total, followed by India, the European Union, Turkey, and the United States as major producers (see table). Powdery mildew can grow on the leaves, flowers, and branches. Often, this is caused by overcrowding and high humidity, with lower air circulation. You can use apple cider vinegar to treat this.

The tamarillo is native to the Andes of Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Bolivia. Today it is still cultivated in gardens and small orchards for local production, [4] and it is one of the most popular fruits in these regions. [5] Other regions of cultivation are the subtropical areas throughout the world, such as Ethiopia, Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Nepal, Hong Kong, China, the United States, Australia, Bhutan, New Zealand and Nagaland, Manipur, Darjeeling and Sikkim in India. [4] [ failed verification] It has also been seen in Cantabria, a province in Spain. [ citation needed]

a b c d e f g Smith, A. F. (1994). The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery. Columbia SC, US: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-000-0.

Sato, S.; Tabata, S.; Hirakawa, H.; etal. (2012). "The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution". Nature. 485 (7400): 635–641. Bibcode: 2012Natur.485..635T. doi: 10.1038/nature11119. PMC 3378239. PMID 22660326. Flavr Savr was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food licensed for human consumption. [114] Tomatkarnevalen (The Tomato Festival) in Närpes, Finland, in 1993

Selecting Tomatoes for the Home Garden". University of Nebraska–Lincoln . Retrieved 20 November 2019. Although in culinary terms, tomato is regarded as a vegetable, its fruit is classified botanically as a berry. [45] As a true fruit, it develops from the ovary of the plant after fertilization, its flesh comprising the pericarp walls. The fruit contains hollow spaces full of seeds and moisture, called locular cavities. These vary, among cultivated species, according to type. Some smaller varieties have two cavities, globe-shaped varieties typically have three to five, beefsteak tomatoes have a great number of smaller cavities, while paste tomatoes have very few, very small cavities. [46] [47] [48] Pollination and fruit formation depend on meiosis. Meiosis is central to the processes by which diploid microspore mother cells within the anther give rise to haploid pollen grains, and megaspore mother cells in ovules that are contained within the ovary give rise to haploid nuclei. Union of haploid nuclei from pollen and ovule (fertilization) can occur either by self- or cross-pollination. Fertilization leads to the formation of a diploid zygote that can then develop into an embryo within the emerging seed. Repeated fertilizations within the ovary are accompanied by maturation of the ovary to form the tomato fruit. Tomatoes are often grown in greenhouses in cooler climates, and cultivars such as the British 'Moneymaker' and a number of cultivars grown in Siberia are specifically bred for indoor growing. In more temperate climates, it is not uncommon to start seeds in greenhouses during the late winter for future transplant. Chaerani, Reni; Voorrips, Roeland E. (2006). "Tomato early blight ( Alternaria solani): the pathogen, genetics, and breeding for resistance". Journal of General Plant Pathology. 72 (6): 335–347. doi: 10.1007/s10327-006-0299-3. S2CID 36002406.