A contravention of the regulations is a criminal offence under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. [27]

All new installations of appliances in a bedroom, bedsit, bathroom, shower room, or in the sleeping areas of caravans should be of the 'room-sealed' type (for example the combustion system is sealed off from the room). Heating appliances of less than 14 kilowatt gross heat input that are not room-sealed can be fitted, if they have a device that cuts off the gas supply before a dangerous level of carbon monoxide builds up. [16]

Ofgem is the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets.

reg 36(6) Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 SI 1998/2451 and, from 6 April 2018, amendments made by reg 5, Gas Safety (Installation and Use)(Amendment) Regulations 2018 SI 2018/139.

Pipeline Safety Regulations (1996) – concerns pipeline integrity. These regulations set out requirements in respect of pipeline design, construction, installation, operation, maintenance and decommissioning. For example, pipelines should be equipped with emergency shut down valves and its design should take account of the need for maintenance access. In addition to ensuring the relevant consents are obtained, land rights need to be secured the same as for other infrastructure. As such access rights would be needed from production and storage facilities to ensure they are fit for the purpose of large-scale industrial transportation which may be through private contracts or under the compulsory acquisition powers that may be available. In the case of re-purposing existing infrastructure, variations to existing rights are likely to be needed to reflect the necessary technological upgrades and/or regulatory issues. Hydrogen is expected to have a substantial role in the decarbonised UK energy system over the coming decades. Total UK consumption of hydrogen is anticipated to increase from 0.7 million tonnes (Mt) in 2020 to between 3-19 Mt by 2050. Pursuant to the Gas Safety (Management) Regulations 1996, the concentration of hydrogen that can be injected onto the UK gas network is 0.1%. As mentioned above, this is being tested to increase the hydrogen blend to up to 20%. If successful, the regulations will need to be amended to allow for this higher blend. Real estate and consenting Although the gas safety regulations apply generally to occupiers of residential property, they impose particular responsibilities on landlords and tenants. These responsibilities apply to all property occupied for residential purposes under a licence, a periodic tenancy, or a lease (tenancy) for a fixed term of less than seven years (a 'lease' does not include a mortgage term). [6]reg 36A, Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 SI 1998/2451 as inserted by reg 6, Gas Safety (Installation and Use)(Amendment) Regulations 2018. reg 36A, Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 SI 1998/2451 as inserted by reg 6, Gas Safety (Installation and Use)(Amendment) Regulations 2018 SI 2018/138. https://www.networkrail.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Traction-Decarbonisation-Network-Strategy-Interim-Programme-Business-Case.pdf It now plans to showcase its low-carbon train technologies at COP 26 in Glasgow, including a hydrogen-powered HydroFLEX train.

The challenge for rail freight is that current alternatives to overhead electrification, such as hydrogen or batteries, do not have sufficient power on their own to pull heavy freight trains, so bi-modes may be an alternative way to reduce emissions. There has been a number of hydrogen projects developing over the course of 2021. Notably, the following have been successful in securing public funding to progress demonstration of the role that hydrogen can play in the UK’s energy, transport, industrial and heating sectors: Safety in the installation and use of gas systems and appliances: Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations, Approved Code of Practice and Guidance, Health and Safety Executive, 1998. DUTY OF SECRETARY OF STATE AND DIRECTOR TO CONSULT WITH HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE ON SAFETY QUALIFICATIONS OF GAS CONTRACTORSThe installation and use of gas appliances (such as gas fires, boilers, cookers, water heaters and lighting appliances) or accessories (such as gas fittings, service pipes, valves and flues) creates fire and explosion risks and carbon monoxide poisoning risks to the consumer.

s.234 Housing Act 2004 and Housing (Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation) (England) Regulations 2006 SI 2006/372. The Uniform Network Code – sets out the common rules governing the gas transportation arrangements between licenced gas transporters and shippers, as required under their licence. Every licensed gas transporter must have its own network code, incorporating the Uniform Network Code, and governing the terms on which it will transport gas. It includes a Transportation Principal Document, which sets out the gas transportation arrangements between gas shippers and transporters and an Offtake Arrangements Document which sets out arrangements between different transporters.https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1009448/decarbonising-transport-a-better-greener-britain.pdfFurthermore, Network Rail’s cross-industry Traction Decarbonisation Network Strategy considered areas for deployment of overhead electrification, battery and hydrogen trains. that work is ongoing with the Health and Safety Executive to assess the potential for 20 % hydrogen blending into the gas network, and a call for evidence on the future of the gas system is to be launched later in 2021; and The Health and Safety Executive can serve an Improvement Notice on the responsible party, requiring remedial work. [31] If the continuing use of a gas appliance will involve a risk of serious personal injury, a Prohibition Notice can be served, requiring that the appliance in question not be used until remedial work has been done. [32] There is a right of appeal against these notices to an industrial tribunal. [33] Gas transporters have powers under which they can disconnect and seal off any gas fitting or any part of the gas system in residential premises for safety reasons. [37] They must send the customer written notice within five days of the disconnection, detailing the nature of the defect, the danger involved, and what action has been taken. [38] If occupiers want to object they have 21 days to appeal to the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry. [39] The meter stays disconnected until the fault is remedied or the appeal is successful. [40] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/business-models-for-low-carbon-hydrogen-production, https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/design-of-a-business-model-for-low-carbon-hydrogenWhilst many in the industry had anticipated that the preferred business model for hydrogen will be based on the offshore wind Contract for Difference (“ CfD”) scheme – and the contract will be with a government owned counterparty – the consultation sets out a number of options as well as giving an indication of the government’s preferred approach (and reasons behind it). Namely, the consultation states that the hydrogen CfD will be a variable price support model whereby the reference price will comprise, at least initially, the highest of two proxies (methane gas price and sales price achieved by the producer). Project eligibility is yet to be determined and is subject to a separate consultation. Similarly the government is developing the standard against with low carbon hydrogen projects will be measured. The government’s ambition is to finalise the hydrogen business model in 2022 so as to enable first contracts to be allocated from Q1 in 2023.