Daniel's father Ludwik was born in the Polish city of Lwow, now Lviv, the only child of a prosperous Jewish family. In 1939, after Hitler and Stalin carved up Poland, the family was rounded up by the communists. His grandfather Dolu was arrested and disappeared, while his father and grandmother were sent to Siberia, working as slave labourers on a collective farm. They somehow survived starvation and freezing winters, living in a house they built from cow dung, but always hoping to be reunited with Dolu. Hitler, Stalin, Mum and Dad is a deeply moving, personal and at times horrifying memoir about Finkelstein’s parents’ experiences at the hands of the two genocidal dictators of the twentieth century. It is a story of persecution; survival; and the consequences of totalitarianism told with the almost unimaginable bravery of two ordinary families shining through. From longstanding political columnist and commentator Daniel Finkelstein, a powerful memoir exploring both his mother and his father’s devastating experiences of persecution, resistance and survival during the Second World War. These projects need our support. After the war, my grandfather found it hard to get support for his work, with many people openly wondering what the point was. They don’t wonder now. Daniel Finkelstein continues the heartrending memoir of his parents' experiences of persecution, resistance and survival during WWII, this week focusing on the story of his father's family at the hands of Stalin.

One theme in Finkelstein’s work is the futility of intellectual reasoning in the face of rabid irrationality. From 1919 onwards, Finkelstein’s maternal grandfather, Alfred Wiener, worked tirelessly to use logic to combat antisemitism, writing pamphlets and speeches that, among other things, “attempted to expose the contradictions of antisemites who blamed Jews for capitalism while simultaneously characterising them as communists”. You’re made to understand how even deeply intelligent and politically attuned people were caught unawares by war and genocide Daniel’s father Ludwik was born in Lwów, the only child of a prosperous Jewish family. In 1939, after Hitler and Stalin carved up Poland, Ludwik’s father was arrested and sentenced to hard labour in the Gulag. Meanwhile, deported to Siberia and working as a slave labourer on a collective farm, Ludwik survived the freezing winters in a tiny house he built from cow dung. Mirjam, as an adult and survivor, also emerges as a woman of remarkable wisdom, someone who has seen the worst of humanity and chosen to represent the best. For instance, there is an ongoing controversy over the decision taken by the leadership of the Dutch Jewish community to work with the Nazis so as to avoid immediate retribution. Her response is the correct one: it was the Nazis’ fault. There is no value in blaming the victims for making one impossible choice over another.Likewise when Justin Bieber created global outrage for commenting in the visitors’ book at Anne Frank’s house that he hoped “ she would have been a belieber”, Mirjam defends him. The whole point about Anne was her ordinariness, someone who absolutely would have been a fan of a teen idol. In a world of perpetual outrage such calm reason from someone who had every right to play the victim is a balm.

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I had always known that my maternal grandfather, Alfred Wiener, liked to keep things, especially books. My mother used to recount seeing him off on a book-shopping trip and sighing with relief when he returned in a cab with a single carrier bag. Only for another taxi to pull up, this one with all the books in it. I had fondly imagined this story to be Mum’s little joke. But as I learned more about Alfred, I understood it was just what had actually happened. Daniel’s grandfather was a German Jewish intellectual leader who warned the holocaust was coming. He relocated his family to Amsterdam for safety where they became close with Anne Frank’s family. They were eventually separated. This story is one of ingenuity, bravery, and coincidences.

Today: after being reunited, Daniel's grandparents and father, still now only 12, must find a way to live and to make sense of what happened to them at the hands of the communists... It is impossible to find words adequate to describe the demonic and barbarous brutality meted out to the extended family and to the millions of other Jewish people . The dreadful facts and statistics are well known but I found the greatest strength of these 12 hours to be the haunting minutiae of the family’s lives. Both sides of the family were remarkable. His mother’s parents, Alfred and Grete Wiener, were highly educated and bookish (Grete had a PhD in economics, a rare achievement for a woman in the 20s), and ran the world’s first and foremost research centre on the Nazi party, collecting vast amounts of documents that charted its rise. Meanwhile, in Poland, Finkelstein’s father’s family had built a hugely successful iron business, and lived a settled, happy life in a peaceful multicultural city. Daniel Finkelstein reads the final part of his heartrending memoir of his parents' experiences of persecution, resistance and survival during WWII, this week following his father's story at the hands of Stalin. Today: after a harrowing journey across the Soviet Union, Daniel's father and grandmother find themselves in the freezing Siberian wastelands, trying to survive as slave labourers on a collective farm.Likewise, Ludwik's journey from a prosperous Jewish family in Poland to Siberia and then Kazakhstan under Stalin's rule is heart-wrenching. The sacrifices made by his family, their struggle against freezing winters and grueling forced labor conditions, highlight the resilience of the human spirit. Nevertheless, the extent, the thoroughness, of my family’s collecting habit startled me when I set out to tell their story. Not simply momentous documents — the piece of paper telling the family that they were to be sent to Belsen, for instance, or the last letter of my great aunt before she was sent to Sobibor — these anyone might keep. But little things. An old passport, long expired. Or the dining room coupons from the liner that took my mother and her sisters on the last leg of the journey from Belsen to New York. Or the letters congratulating Alfred on his daughter’s engagement. The second thing I realise is how valuable these relics are. The Wiener Holocaust Library was vital to the Nuremberg trials and remains a unique and important resource. It has certainly brought home to me how extraordinarily important it remains as a record of the Holocaust, as is the wonderful Refugee Voices project of the Association of Jewish Refugees. Without their recording of my father’s story, a four-hour interview, I am not at all sure that my book would have been possible. Keeping things had been his profession. The main weapon of his war against fascism had been his collection of everything that the Nazis published and a record of all they had done and said. The Wiener Holocaust Library (thriving still in Russell Square) became the world’s leading centre of documentation of the Nazis. Another leitmotif – made possible by the craft of Finkelstein’s writing – is the way you’re made to understand how even deeply intelligent and politically attuned people were caught unawares by war and genocide, and were left with no idea about where to go or what to do.