Jia Y, Han S, Li J, Wang H, Liu J, Li N, et al. IRF8 is the target of SIRT1 for the inflammation response in macrophages. Innate Immun. 2017;23(2):188–95.

Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Cytokine expression in the supernatant of DMSO- or GSK761-treated “M1” macrophages (LPS-stimulated or unstimulated) were measured using electro-chemiluminescence assays (Meso Scale Discovery [MSD])-Human ProInflammatory 7-Plex Tissue Culture Kit (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF) according to the manufacturer’s protocols and analyzed on an MSD 1250 Sector Imager 2400 (Mesoscale). Supernatant IL-6, IL-8, and TNF from SP140 siRNA or scrambled-treated “M1” macrophages (LPS-stimulated or unstimulated) were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; R&D systems) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Customized qPCR array Bloch DB, de la Monte SM, Guigaouri P, Filippov A, Bloch KD. Identification and characterization of a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(46):29198–204. Note: All of the options below are non-pressurised fittings so they cannot be used if the pipes you’re trying to join are pressurised in any way. 110mm Universal Pipe Connector/SP140 Connector Papadakis KA, Shaye OA, Vasiliauskas EA, Ippoliti A, Dubinsky MC, Birt J, et al. Safety and efficacy of adalimumab (D2E7) in Crohn's disease patients with an attenuated response to infliximab. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(1):75–9.Bradford EM, Ryu SH, Singh AP, Lee G, Goretsky T, Sinh P, et al. Epithelial TNF receptor signaling promotes mucosal repair in inflammatory bowel disease. J Immunol. 2017;199(5):1886–97.

As long as the finned end of the connector fits into the pipe this type of adaptor provides a firm and solid fixing for you new pipework and also creates a great seal preventing any leakage of smells. Rutgeerts P. A critical assessment of new therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002;17(s1):S176–S85. To do so simply push the new pipe into the top of the connector. If using a universal connector put some washing up liquid around the seal first as this will help the pipe slip in.

Madani N, Millette R, Platt EJ, Marin M, Kozak SL, Bloch DB, et al. Implication of the lymphocyte-specific nuclear body protein Sp140 in an innate response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 2002;76(21):11133–8.

Before cutting anything ensure that you are wearing old clothes, a mask, gloves, eye protection and face protection. Whether cutting iron or clay, dust and debris will fly everywhere so you need to protect yourself. SP140 protein harbors both a bromodomain (Brd) and a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger [ 10, 15] as illustrated in Fig. S 1a. Since Brd and PHD domains are capable of binding to histones, this suggests that SP140 might function as an epigenetic reader. Readers are recruited to chromatin possessing specific epigenetic “marks” and regulate gene expression through mechanisms that modulate DNA accessibility to transcription factors (TFs) and the transcriptional machinery [ 19, 20]. Brds are tractable to small molecule antagonists, with selective inhibitors of several Brd-containing proteins (BCPs) reported [ 20, 21]. Such compounds have helped elucidate the function of their BCP targets; for instance, multiple inhibitors targeting BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 have been used to demonstrate the role of these proteins in selectively regulating gene expression in the context of cancer and inflammation [ 9, 22, 23]. To date, no inhibitors targeting SP140 have been reported. Ghiboub M LimAL, de Jonge W. Selective inhibition of Homo sapiens M1 macrophages where SP140 mRNA is inhibited using siRNA. ArrayExpress https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/arrayexpress/studies/E-MTAB-12011 (2022).

Bain CC, Schridde A. Origin, differentiation, and function of intestinal macrophages. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2733.

Genard G, Lucas S, Michiels C. Reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages with anticancer therapies: radiotherapy versus chemo- and immunotherapies. Front Immunol. 2017;8:828. If you’re changing guttering this shouldn’t be a problem, just don’t do it when it’s raining. Cut Away Existing Pipe Ruhlemann MC, Degenhardt F, Thingholm LB, Wang J, Skieceviciene J, Rausch P, et al. Application of the distance-based F test in an mGWAS investigating beta diversity of intestinal microbiota identifies variants in SLC9A8 (NHE8) and 3 other loci. Gut Microbes. 2018;9(1):68–75. Fittings have an aesthetic modern look, are compatible in size yet remain within the British Standard Specification. As we have now looked at why you might need to connect to cast iron pipework it’s time to look at how it’s actually done. Isolate any Water or Waste Flow

Kazmierski WM, Xia B, Miller J, De la Rosa M, Favre D, Dunham RM, et al. DNA-Encoded Library Technology-Based Discovery, Lead Optimization, and Prodrug Strategy toward Structurally Unique Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2020;63(7):3552-62. Schmidt SV, Krebs W, Ulas T, Xue J, Bassler K, Gunther P, et al. The transcriptional regulator network of human inflammatory macrophages is defined by open chromatin. Cell Res. 2016;26(2):151–70. Xing R. miR-3648 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting adenomatous polyposis Coli 2. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2019;19(12):7526–31. In a previous study, SP140 was found to be enriched at the HOXA genes in macrophages, and SP140 binding at these locations was proposed to play a role in repression of these lineage-inappropriate genes [ 10]. However, SP140 binding to this region was minimal in our study in both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated macrophages (Additional files 8, 9 and 10: Tables S8-10). In addition, GSK761 did not affect HOXA genes expression in M1 macrophages (Additional files 5, 6 and 7: Tables S5-7). Based on our findings and contrary to the observation of Mehta et al., HOXA genes do not appear to be bound by SP140, nor does their expression seem to be controlled by SP140. The reason for this discrepancy is unclear, but the use of different SP140 antibodies in the two studies is one possibility. The antibody used in our ChIP experiments was found to be the most SP140-specific among 5 antibodies that we tested. Furthermore, our ChIP-seq data has demonstrated a strong association between SP140 and several enhancer/strong transcription regions (Fig. 6c). GSK761 was able to reduce SP140 binding to those regions and as a consequence the global gene expression as represented in PCA in Fig. 6g. The displacement of SP140 binding by GSK761 provides strong support for the specificity of the SP140 binding identified in our ChIP-seq study. Altogether, we should conclude from our data that SP140 functions as a gene expression activator rather than a repressor. The 110mm universal pipe connector or SP140 connector as it can also be called does exactly what it says on the tin – it’s a connector that’s used to connect new 110mm PVC soil pipes to a range of older pipes including cast iron and clay.