Kristallnacht has been referenced both explicitly and implicitly in countless cases of vandalism of Jewish property including the toppling of gravestones in a Jewish cemetery in suburban St. Louis, Missouri, [91] and the two 2017 vandalisms of the New England Holocaust Memorial, as the memorial's founder Steve Ross discusses in his book, From Broken Glass: My Story of Finding Hope in Hitler's Death Camps to Inspire a New Generation. [92] The Sri Lankan Finance Minister Mangala Samaraweera also used the term to describe the violence in 2019 against Muslims by Sinhalese nationalists. [93] Finance minister slams Judenboykott, Kristallnacht re-enaction against Muslims in Sri Lanka". www.economynext.com. 24 May 2019 . Retrieved 10 June 2019. [ permanent dead link] KFC apologises after German Kristallnacht promotion". BBC News. 10 November 2022 . Retrieved 10 November 2022. Bernd Nellessen, "Die schweigende Kirche: Katholiken und Judenverfolgung", in Büttner (ed) Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich, p. 265, cited in Daniel Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners (Vintage, 1997). As the pogrom spread, units of the SS and Gestapo (Secret State Police), following Heydrich's instructions, arrested up to 30,000 Jewish males, and transferred most of them from local prisons to Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, and other concentration camps.

Goldstein, Joseph (1995). Jewish History in Modern Times. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-1-898723-06-6. Kristallnacht: A Nationwide Pogrom, November 9–10, 1938". Holocaust Encyclopedia. US Holocaust Memorial Museum . Retrieved 20 May 2008. To the consternation of the Nazis, the Kristallnacht affected public opinion counter to their desires, the peak of opposition against the Nazi racial policies was reached just then, when according to almost all accounts the vast majority of Germans rejected the violence perpetrated against the Jews. [70] Verbal complaints grew rapidly in numbers, and for example, the Düsseldorf branch of the Gestapo reported a sharp decline in anti-Semitic attitudes among the population. [71] Jantzen, Kyle, and Jonathan Durance. "Our Jewish Brethren: Christian Responses to Kristallnacht in Canadian Mass Media." Journal of Ecumenical Studies 46.4 (2011): 537-548. online [ dead link] Kristallnacht was the inspiration for the 1988 composition Mayn Yngele by the composer Frederic Rzewski, of which he says: "I began writing this piece in November 1988, on the 50th anniversary of the Kristallnacht ... My piece is a reflection on that vanished part of Jewish tradition which so strongly colors, by its absence, the culture of our time". [86]

Aftermath

Friedländer, Saul. Nazi Germany and The Jews, volume 1: The Years of Persecution 1933–1939, London: Phoenix, 1997, p. 270 Seth Rogovoy (20 April 2001). "Gary Lucas: Action guitarist". Berkshire Eagle. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008 . Retrieved 20 May 2008. A knowing reference to Arnold Schoenberg's "Verklarte Nacht", the piece ironically juxtaposed the Israeli national anthem, "Hatikvah," with phrases from "Deutschland Uber Alles," amid wild electronic shrieks and noise. The next day the papers ran a picture of Lucas with the triumphant headline, "It is Lucas!" In the weeks that followed, the German government promulgated dozens of laws and decrees designed to deprive Jews of their property and of their means of livelihood. Many of these laws enforced “Aryanization” policy—the transfer of Jewish-owned enterprises and property to “Aryan” ownership, usually for a fraction of their true value. Ensuing legislation barred Jews, already ineligible for employment in the public sector, from practicing most professions in the private sector. The legislation made further strides in removing Jews from public life. German education officials expelled Jewish children still attending German schools. German Jews lost their right to hold a driver's license or own an automobile. Legislation restricted access to public transport. Jews could no longer gain admittance to “German” theaters, movie cinemas, or concert halls. American Press Reports on Kristallnacht After the Kristallnacht, Salvador Allende, Gabriel González Videla, Marmaduke Grove, Florencio Durán and other members of the Congress of Chile sent a telegram to Adolf Hitler denouncing the persecution of Jews. [77]

Gillott, Hannah (3 August 2023). "Virtual Holocaust museum to be launched in Fortnite". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 9 August 2023 . Retrieved 13 August 2023. verifyErrors }}{{ message }}{{ /verifyErrors }}{{ Deem, James M. Kristallnacht: the Nazi terror that began the Holocaust (2012) for secondary schools. online In its aftermath, German officials announced that Kristallnacht had erupted as a spontaneous outburst of public sentiment in response to the assassination of Ernst vom Rath. Vom Rath was a German embassy official stationed in Paris. Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew, had shot the diplomat on November 7, 1938. A few days earlier, German authorities had expelled thousands of Jews of Polish citizenship living in Germany from the Reich; Grynszpan had received news that his parents, residents in Germany since 1911, were among them.Abert Gore (19 March 1989). "An Ecological Kristallnacht. Listen". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019 . Retrieved 25 February 2019. Scientists now predict our current course will raise world temperatures five degrees Celsius in our lifetimes Miskin, Maayana (8 February 2010). "Yad Vashem to Honor Aborigine". Israel National News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012 . Retrieved 20 April 2012. Gordon, Sarah Ann (1984). Hitler, Germans, and the Jewish Question. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-10162-0.

St. Louis Jewish cemetery rededicated after gravestones toppled by vandals - Diaspora - Jerusalem Post". www.jpost.com. 7 August 2017. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018 . Retrieved 21 August 2018. Expelled Jews' Dark Outlook". Newspaper article. London: The Times. 1 November 1938. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010 . Retrieved 12 March 2008. Gruner, Wolf; Ross, Steven Joseph, eds. (2019). New Perspectives on Kristallnacht. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-61249-616-0. ; see online excerpt also online review a b c d "Kristallnacht". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018 . Retrieved 19 May 2018.

Assassination of Ernst vom Rath

a b Ross, Philip (27 January 2014). "Tom Perkins Responds To Nazi Germany And 1 Percent Criticism, Says Kristallnacht Was 'Terrible Word To Have Chosen' ". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015 . Retrieved 29 January 2014. Mara, Will. Kristallnacht: Nazi persecution of the Jews in Europe (2009) for secondary schools. online

Interview with Miriam Ron, Witness to the Events of Kristallnacht". The International School for Holocaust Studies. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. -- "At 7:00 in the morning I was a student, and at 5:00, I was a criminal" Kristallnacht: The November 1938 Pogroms". Online exhibitions, special topics. US Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008 . Retrieved 20 May 2008. Döscher, Hans-Jürgen (2000). "Reichskristallnacht" – Die Novemberpogrome 1938 ("'Reichskristallnacht': The November pogroms of 1938"), Econ, 2000, ISBN 3-612-26753-1, p. 131 Lewis, Geraint (May 2010). "Tippett, Sir Michael Kemp". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (onlineed.). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/ref:odnb/69100 . Retrieved 29 April 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required) The president also announced that he had recalled the US ambassador to Germany, Hugh Wilson. The United States was the only nation to recall its ambassador and would not replace him until after the end of the war in 1945.Döscher, Hans-Jürgen (1988). Reichskristallnacht: Die Novemberpogrome 1938 (in German). Ullstein. ISBN 978-3-550-07495-0. Kristallnacht owes its name to the shards of shattered glass that lined German streets in the wake of the pogrom—broken glass from the windows of synagogues, homes, and Jewish-owned businesses plundered and destroyed during the violence. Assassination of Ernst vom Rath