According to Farley Richmond and other scholars, Kathakali shares many elements such as costumes with ancient Indian performance arts such as Kutiyattam (classical Sanskrit drama) and medieval era Krishnanattam, even though a detailed examination shows differences. [21] Kutiyattam, adds Richmond, is "one of the oldest continuously performed theatre forms in India, and it may well be the oldest surviving art form of the ancient world". [22] Kutiyattam, traditionally, was performed in theatres specially designed and attached to Hindu temples, particularly dedicated to the Shiva and later to Krishna. [23] The designs of these theatres usually matched the dimensions and architecture recommended as "ideal" in the ancient Natya Shastra, and some of them could house 500 viewers. [23]

a b c Phillip B. Zarrilli (2000). Kathakali Dance-drama: Where Gods and Demons Come to Play. Routledge. pp. 22–25, 191. ISBN 978-0-415-13109-4. Farley P. Richmond; Darius L. Swann; Phillip B. Zarrilli (1993). Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance. Motilal Banarsidass. p.327. ISBN 978-81-208-0981-9. Over five hundred Kathakali plays ( Aattakatha) exist, most of which were written before the 20th century. [56] Of these, about four dozen are most actively performed. [57] These plays are sophisticated literary works, states Zarrilli, and only five authors have written more than two plays. [57] The late 17th century Unnayi Variyar, in his short life, produced four plays which are traditionally considered the most expressive of the Kathakali playwrights. Typically, his four plays are performed on four nights, and they relate to the mythical Hindu love story of Nala and Damayanti. [57] The Nala-Damayanti story has roots in the texts of 1st millennium BCE and is found in the Mahabharata, but the Kathakali play version develops the characters, their inner states, the emotions and their circumstances far more than the older texts. [57]

Most Reading Kambikathakal

a b c d e James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group. p.359. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8. Kathakali ( IAST: Kathakaḷi Malayalam: കഥകളി pronunciation ⓘ) is a major form of classical Indian dance. [1] It is a "story game" genre of art, but one distinguished by the elaborately colourful make-up and costumes of the traditional male actor-dancers. [2] [3] [note 1] It is native to the Malayalam-speaking southwestern region of Kerala and is almost entirely practiced and appreciated by Malayali people. [2] [3] [5] Kathakali is one of the eight classical dances of India Hanuman in Kathakali (FACT Jayadeva Varma) Nari Shakti Awardees - Tripunithura Kathakali Kendram Ladies Troupe, Kerela | Ministry of Women & Child Development". wcd.nic.in . Retrieved 20 February 2021. Kathakali is still practiced in its Traditional ways and there are experimental plays based on European classics and Shakespeare's plays. Recent productions have adapted stories from other cultures and mythologies, such as those of Miguel de Cervantes, [61] Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and William Shakespeare. [8] [62] Styles: Sampradayam [ edit ] D. Appukuttan Nair, Ayyappa K. Paniker (1993), Kathakali: The Art of the Non-Worldly, Marg Publications, ISBN 978-81-85026-22-0

Phillip B. Zarrilli (2000). Kathakali Dance-drama: Where Gods and Demons Come to Play. Routledge. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-415-13109-4. , Quote: "Like most traditional modes of storytelling and performance in India, Kathakali plays enact one or more episodes from regional versions of the pan-Indian religious epics (Ramayana and Mahabharata) and Puranas."The term Kathakali is derived from katha ( Malayalam: കഥ, from Sanskrit) which means "story or a conversation, or a traditional tale", and kaḷi ( Malayalam: കളി) which means "performance" or "play". The dance symbolises the eternal fight between good and evil. [9] [10] History [ edit ] Williams 2004, pp.83–84, the other nine are: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Manipuri, Cchau, Satriya, Yaksagana and Bhagavata Mela. a b Phillip B. Zarrilli (2000). Kathakali Dance-drama: Where Gods and Demons Come to Play. Routledge. pp. 25–29, 37, 49–56, 68, 88–94, 133–134. ISBN 978-0-415-13109-4. Richard Schechner (2010). Between Theater and Anthropology. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp.17–18. ISBN 978-0-8122-0092-8.