Recently, efforts have begun to update grammar instruction in primary and secondary education. The main focus has been to prevent the use of outdated prescriptive rules in favor of setting norms based on earlier descriptive research and to change perceptions about the relative "correctness" of prescribed standard forms in comparison to non-standard dialects. A series of metastudies have found that the explicit teaching of grammatical parts of speech and syntax has little or no effect on the improvement of student writing quality in elementary school, middle school of high school; other methods of writing instruction had far greater positive effect, including strategy instruction, collaborative writing, summary writing, process instruction, sentence combining and inquiry projects. [17] [18] [19] Standard Chinese has official status as the standard spoken form of the Chinese language in the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of China (ROC), and the Republic of Singapore. Pronunciation of Standard Chinese is based on the local accent of Mandarin Chinese from Luanping, Chengde in Hebei Province near Beijing, while grammar and syntax are based on modern vernacular written Chinese. Casson, Lionel (2001). Libraries in the Ancient World. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p.45. ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 11 November 2020. The first systematic grammar of Sanskrit originated in Iron Age India, with Yaska (6th century BC), Pāṇini (6th–5th century BC [8]) and his commentators Pingala ( c. 200 BC), Katyayana, and Patanjali (2nd century BC). Tolkāppiyam, the earliest Tamil grammar, is mostly dated to before the 5th century AD. The Babylonians also made some early attempts at language description. [9]

McGregor, William B. (2015). Linguistics: An Introduction (2nded.). Bloomsbury Academic. pp.15–16. ISBN 978-0-567-58352-9. Lundin, Leigh (23 September 2007). "The Power of Prepositions". On Writing. Cairo: Criminal Brief. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011 . Retrieved 18 July 2012. So think of grammar as something good, something positive, something that you can use to find your way - like a signpost or a map. Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time. A description, study, or analysis of such rules may also be known as a grammar, or as a grammar book. A reference book describing the grammar of a language is called a "reference grammar" or simply "a grammar" (see History of English grammars). A fully revealed grammar, which describes the grammatical constructions of a particular speech type in great detail is called descriptive grammar. This kind of linguistic description contrasts with linguistic prescription, a plan to actively ban, or lessen the use of, some constructions while popularising and starting others, either absolutely or about a standard variety. For example, some pedants insist that sentences in English should not end with prepositions, a ban that has been traced to John Dryden (1631–1700). His unjustified rejection of the practice may have led other English speakers to avoid it and discourage its use. [4] [5] Yet ending sentences with a preposition has a long history in Germanic languages like English, where it is so widespread as to be the norm. [ citation needed]

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An adverb mainly adds information to the verb . Sometimes it adds information to an adjective or another adverb. The word grammar is derived from Greek γραμματικὴ τέχνη ( grammatikḕ téchnē), which means "art of letters", from γράμμα ( grámma), "letter", itself from γράφειν ( gráphein), "to draw, to write". [7] The same Greek root also appears in the words graphics, grapheme, and photograph. A standard language is a dialect that is promoted above other dialects in writing, education, and, broadly speaking, in the public sphere; it contrasts with vernacular dialects, which may be the objects of study in academic, descriptive linguistics but which are rarely taught prescriptively. The standardized " first language" taught in primary education may be subject to political controversy because it may sometimes establish a standard defining nationality or ethnicity. Parse trees are commonly used by such frameworks to depict their rules. There are various alternative schemes for some grammar: The Serbian variant of Serbo-Croatian is likewise divided; Serbia and the Republika Srpska of Bosnia and Herzegovina use their own distinct normative subvarieties, with differences in yat reflexes. The existence and codification of a distinct Montenegrin standard is a matter of controversy, some treat Montenegrin as a separate standard lect, and some think that it should be considered another form of Serbian.

A verb is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being. Without a verb, it would be difficult to create a sentence. Verbs can also show when things happened. The preeminence of Parisian French has reigned largely unchallenged throughout the history of modern French literature. Standard Italian is based on the speech of Florence rather than the capital because of its influence on early literature. Likewise, standard Spanish is not based on the speech of Madrid but on that of educated speakers from more northern areas such as Castile and León (see Gramática de la lengua castellana). In Argentina and Uruguay the Spanish standard is based on the local dialects of Buenos Aires and Montevideo ( Rioplatense Spanish). Portuguese has, for now, two official standards, respectively Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese.From here, you will get additional suggestions on top of the usual spelling and grammatical errors that can guide your writing in a particular direction. None of this happens without your consent, and Grammarly will alert you when it has found something it deems worthy of change. Mo is a very intelligent child. He completed all the questions and shared the correct answers with the class when the teacher asked him to.