There are core courses in literature, history and religion, and options which give the opportunity to specialise further in these subjects as well as in Islamic art and archaeology and medieval or modern thought. Students also write a dissertation on a topic of their choice. Arabic with a subsidiary language

Of course we did a lot of human reading of the corpus to find new senses like these, but as we didn't have unlimited time, things inevitably got missed – like this.

A word like أكل ( to eat) has 48 different potential forms, and that's without accounting for clitics (for more information, see below). Most of those forms could also belong to آكل. So corpus linguists list all possible forms of أكل and tell the computer that these are all forms of one word, and then the software can tell how frequent أكل is, because it knows that تأكل and أكلتم are also forms of أكل. But how can you do that with a new word, which the software doesn't know yet? Nominated for the EUSA Teaching Award (Student-led Teaching Award) in the categories of Outstanding Course and Teacher of the Year between 2014 and 2021 at the University of Edinburgh. This course is designed for students who have sound knowledge of Arabic grammar and are able to express themselves coherently in Modern Standard Arabic. Students will further hone their written and spoken skills and adapt them to communicate on a variety of subjects. Students will be exposed to different texts and audio-visual material through which they will acquire and explore more complex structures and expand their vocabulary on a range of personal, social, historical, cultural and political topics. By the end of the second term students should have reached Level B1+/B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.

Oxford University Press had a very good English-language framework, consisting of entries already divided into senses and containing indicators, collocates, examples, and extra hints for translators to make sure they understood the English perfectly before translating it into Arabic to create the English-Arabic half of the dictionary. The English-Arabic translations were then reviewed by Arabic reviewing editors from different countries. Words and their context all paint a picture in one's head, a feeling, a sense, often sentiments, moral judgements, etcetera, all of which are very hard or impossible to capture in a dictionary. Example Oxford Arabic Dictionary What is the biggest difficulty in writing a dictionary? What do you have to pay particular attention to? A corpus is a gigantic mass of texts of many different sources in a particular language, that can be researched with software to find how a particular word behaves in context. For Arabic dictionaries in particular, a major issue is that you can't rely on other dictionaries. In Arabic lexicography, conservatism rules, and works like the Lisan al-Arab are still seen as the standard. Which is great for finding out the original meanings of a word and looking into the history, but not if I want to know what the most common meaning of a word is in this day and age, or if I want to work out how to say computer in Arabic. So when deciding on the meanings of a word, we couldn't really make much use of monolingual dictionaries or earlier bilingual dictionaries, like editors of many other languages can.Levels: Please see below for details of each level. The course for each level comprises 20 weekly classes spread over two-and-a-half terms: Michaelmas (Oct.– Dec. 2023), Hilary (Jan.– March 2024), and Trinity (April– May 2024). Quite little. For Arabic, as the dictionary focuses on Standard Arabic, the language is by nature quite formal. For English, we tend to include only words with staying power, which youth language, which is quite dynamic, tends to have few of. How many Arabic roots (3 radicals) and how many with 4 radicals are there in the dictionary? Which is more difficult to write and research: an English -> Arabic dictionary or an Arabic -> English dictionary? Why?