Ilyas Nagdee, from Amnesty International, said the research was important particularly as discussions about “alternative approaches to public safety” gained ground. Fekete added: “Racism has become entrenched in policing as the rank and file are resituating themselves as society’s victims and organising on an ever more extremist agenda.” In England and Wales, an independent organization known as the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) investigates reports of police misconduct. They automatically investigate any deaths caused by or thought to be caused by, police action. Amnesty International Report 2007". Amnesty International. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007 . Retrieved 8 August 2007. The term "police brutality" was first used in Britain in the mid-19th century, by The Puppet-Show magazine(a short-lived rival to Punch) in September 1848, when they wrote:

Pressures to conform to certain aspects of "police culture", such as the Blue Code of Silence, which can "sustain an oppositional criminal subculture protecting the interests of police who violate the law" [18] and a " 'we-they' perspective in which outsiders are viewed with suspicion or distrust" [17] South Africa from apartheid to today has had incidents of police brutality, though police violence is not as prevalent as during the apartheid years An estimated 2,000 right-wing supporters gathered on Whitehall before 11am after group leaders including English Defence League founder Tommy Robinson issued calls to protect the Cenotaph

Sir Peter Fahy, the former chief constable of Greater Manchester, said: “Calling the police biased and questioning why they were robust with the extreme right wing and football hooligans encouraged them and created the conditions where it stoked up their anger. Because we have highly trained and well equipped officers we were were able to deal with that, sadly, a number of officers received minor physical injuries and undoubtedly they will deal with the psychological toll of that as well.”

The Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), The Right-wing Terrorism Threat in Europe, Mar 2020 There have been several instances of police brutality towards protesters in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests This ' further reading' section may need cleanup. Please read the editing guide and help improve the section. ( January 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)

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In the UK, in 2005, a young Brazilian man was arrested and shot by Metropolitan Police in Central London. The man, Jean Charles Menezes, died later. [25] In Brazil, incidents of police violence have been very well-reported and Brazil has one of the highest prevalences of police brutality in the world today Police Scotland said that, so far, one person has been arrested in Glasgow and one in Edinburgh and more arrests are expected in the coming days as investigations continue. Asked whether he would consider an outright ban on the sale of fireworks, he said: “An outright ban isn’t within our competence in the Scottish Government as far as I understand it, if it was then I would absolutely consider an outright ban. We will always consider what more the Government can do.” Umbrella organizations and justice committees usually support those affected. Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization focused on human rights with over three million members and supporters around the world. The stated objective of the organization is "to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights, and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated". [ citation needed]

Zwerman, G.; Steinhoff, P. (2005). "When activists ask for trouble: state-dissident interactions and the new left cycle of resistance in the United States and Japan". In Davenport, C.; Johnston, H.; Mueller, C. (eds.). Repression and mobilization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp.85–107.

Cooper, Hannah LF (2015). "War on Drugs Policing and Police Brutality". Substance Use & Misuse. 50 (8–9): 1188–1194. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1007669. ISSN 1082-6084. PMC 4800748. PMID 25775311.