Unit 731 – Did the Emperor Know? (1985) Television South documentary first broadcast on 13August. [141] Unit100 also experimented with toxic gas. Phone booth-like tanks were used as portable gas chambers for the prisoners. Some were forced to wear various types of gas masks; others wore military uniforms, and some wore no clothes at all. As stated above, dehydration experiments were performed on the victims. The purpose of these tests was to determine the amount of water in an individual's body and to see how long one could survive with a very low to no water intake. It is known that victims were also starved before these tests began. The deteriorating physical states of these victims were documented by staff at a periodic interval. Some experiments had no medical purpose whatsoever except the administering of indescribable pain, such as injecting horse urine into prisoners’ kidneys. The doctors of Unit 731, like the Nazi doctors at Dachau and Buchenwald, indulged any perversion they could imagine.

While German physicians were brought to trial and had their crimes publicized, the U.S. concealed information about Japanese biological warfare experiments and secured immunity for the perpetrators. [111] Critics argue that racism led to the double standard in the American postwar responses to the experiments conducted on different nationalities. [111] Whereas the perpetrators of Unit 731 were exempt from prosecution, the U.S. held a tribunal in Yokohama in 1948 that indicted nine Japanese physician professors and medical students for conducting vivisection upon captured American pilots; two professors were sentenced to death and others to 15–20 years' imprisonment. [111] Separate Soviet trials Japan guilty of germ warfare against thousands of Chinese". the Guardian. 2002-08-28 . Retrieved 2023-01-03. Takashi Tsuchiya. "The Imperial Japanese Experiments in China". The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics, pp, 35, 42. Oxford University Press, 2011. Unit 731: One of the Most Terrifying Secrets of the 20th Century". Archived from the original on March 8, 2017 . Retrieved November 8, 2015.

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Harris, Sheldon. "Factories of Death" (PDF). p.222. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-08 . Retrieved 2019-05-31. What makes this descent into barbarity all the more stunning was the Japanese contribution to medical science just three decades earlier. A U.S. Army doctor named Lewis Livingston Seaman observed colleagues who were attending to the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). RARE) Yoshimura Hisato (excerpt of a telephone interview conducted by Mainichi Shimbun)". Vimeo. Archived from the original on 2021-10-07 . Retrieved 2021-10-07.

Inside Japan's wartime factory of death". Ben Hills. 2013-11-24. Archived from the original on 2019-05-31 . Retrieved 2019-05-31. The Collector – Unit 731, a four-issue miniseries by Dark Horse Comics, written by Rod Monteiro and co-written and illustrated by Will Conrad, features a fictitious character who is captured by the Kenpeitai in Tokyo and taken to the Unit 731 as a prisoner of war. Harris, S.H. (2002). Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932–1945, and the American Cover-up. Routledge. p.334. ISBN 978-0415932141. Archived from the original on 2022-06-07 . Retrieved 2017-07-08. In April2018, the National Archives of Japan disclosed a nearly complete list of 3,607members of Unit731 to Katsuo Nishiyama, a professor at Shiga University of Medical Science. Nishiyama reportedly intended to publish the list online to encourage further study into the unit. [97]

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a b c Christopher W., George; Cieslak, Theodore J.; Pavlin, Julie A.; Eitzen, Edward M. (August 1997). "Biological Warfare: A Historical Perspective". The Journal of the American Medical Association. 278 (5): 412–417. doi: 10.1001/jama.1997.03550050074036. PMID 9244333. Barenblatt, Daniel. A Plague Upon Humanity: The Secret Genocide of Axis Japan's Germ Warfare Operation, HarperCollins, 2004. ISBN 0060186259.

People may not agree on how many people were killed by the criminals in Unit 731, who did it, how it was done, or why it occurred. They can, and should, look critically upon America's decisions after the war, too. Prisoners were injected with diseases, disguised as vaccinations, [26] to study their effects. To study the effects of untreated venereal diseases, male and female prisoners were deliberately infected with syphilis and gonorrhea, then studied. Prisoners were also repeatedly subjected to rape by guards. [27] Vivisection Two things hit you when you visit this World War Two death camp; the scale and the industrial process of death, like a factory. But in this camp there are other elements; the gruesomeness of the killing, the pain and the fact few people in outside China seem to know of it. While most documents captured by the US in Europe were microfilmed before being returned to their respective governments, the Department of Defense decided to not microfilm its vast collection of documents before returning them to the Japanese government.Reportedly, not one of the thousands of prisoners that were experimented on — most of whom were Chinese, though many were Russian or Korean — survived. Conventional weapons tests were also carried out. Victims were tied to stakes and used to determine the operational range of flamethrowers, grenades, and various kinds of shells and bombs. Japanese microbiologist Dr. Shiro Ishii, head of Unit 731. Loveridge, Lynzee (February 10, 2020). "My Hero Academia Manga Updated With Villain's New Name". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020 . Retrieved November 11, 2020. In 1936, Emperor Hirohito issued a decree authorizing the expansion of the unit and its integration into the Kwantung Army as the Epidemic Prevention Department. [16] It was divided at that time into the "Ishii Unit" and "Wakamatsu Unit", with a base in Xinjing. From August1940 on, the units were known collectively as the "Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Kwantung Army" or "Unit731" short. [17]