Skele, Mike (1988). The Great Knob. ISBN 978-0-942579-03-1. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015 . Retrieved November 12, 2015. {{ cite book}}: |journal= ignored ( help)

Moseley Braun, Carol". History, Art & Archives. United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020 . Retrieved October 6, 2020. Roman Catholicism percentage of Catholics statistics—states compared—People data on StateMaster". Statemaster.com. May 15, 2012. Archived from the original on May 30, 2012 . Retrieved May 19, 2012. a b c d e f g "B03002 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE—Illinois—2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2022 . Retrieved September 15, 2023.

In 1961, Illinois became the first state in the nation to adopt the recommendation of the American Law Institute and pass a comprehensive criminal code revision that repealed the law against sodomy. The code also abrogated common law crimes and established an age of consent of 18. [50] The state's fourth constitution was adopted in 1970, replacing the 1870 document. [51]

Singman, Brooke (August 28, 2017). "GOP Gov. Rauner Accused of Making Illinois a 'Sanctuary State' with New Law". Fox News. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018 . Retrieved September 3, 2019. The executive branch is composed of six elected officers and their offices as well as numerous other departments. [168] The six elected officers are: [168] Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, Comptroller, and Treasurer. The government of Illinois has numerous departments, agencies, boards and commissions, but the so-called code departments provide most of the state's services. [168] [169] Illinois is ranked second in corn production among U.S. states, and Illinois corn is used to produce 40% of the ethanol consumed in the United States. [122] The Archer Daniels Midland corporation in Decatur, Illinois, is the world's leading producer of ethanol from corn.The winter of 1830–1831 is called the "Winter of the Deep Snow"; [37] a sudden, deep snowfall blanketed the state, making travel impossible for the rest of the winter, and many travelers perished. Several severe winters followed, including the "Winter of the Sudden Freeze". On December 20, 1836, a fast-moving cold front passed through, freezing puddles in minutes and killing many travelers who could not reach shelter. The adverse weather resulted in crop failures in the northern part of the state. The southern part of the state shipped food north, and this may have contributed to its name, " Little Egypt", after the Biblical story of Joseph in Egypt supplying grain to his brothers. [38] a b c "U.S. Wind Energy Projects—Illinois". American Wind Energy Association. September 30, 2009. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010 . Retrieved January 14, 2010. Illinois had a prominent role in the emergence of the nuclear age. In 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, the University of Chicago conducted the first sustained nuclear chain reaction. In 1957, Argonne National Laboratory, near Chicago, activated the first experimental nuclear power generating system in the United States. By 1960, the first privately financed nuclear plant in the United States, Dresden 1, was dedicated near Morris. In 1967, Fermilab, a national nuclear research facility near Batavia, opened a particle accelerator, which was the world's largest for over 40 years. With eleven plants currently operating, Illinois leads all states in the amount of electricity generated from nuclear power. [48] [49]

The modern Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield is the largest and most attended presidential library in the country. The Illinois State Museum boasts a collection of 13.5million objects that tell the story of Illinois life, land, people, and art. The ISM is among only 5% of the nation's museums that are accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. Other historical museums in the state include the Polish Museum of America in Chicago; Magnolia Manor in Cairo; Easley Pioneer Museum in Ipava; the Elihu Benjamin Washburne; Ulysses S. Grant Homes, both in Galena; and the Chanute Air Museum, located on the former Chanute Air Force Base in Rantoul. The function of the immune system primarily depends on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by CD4 helper T-lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and hematopoietic cells.a b "Illinois Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2007". 2007 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. Archived from the original on February 11, 2020 . Retrieved April 9, 2009. The Illinois state parks system began in 1908 with what is now Fort Massac State Park, becoming the first park in a system encompassing more than 60 parks and about the same number of recreational and wildlife areas. a b "The Association of Religion Data Archives | County Membership Report". www.thearda.com. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013 . Retrieved November 12, 2013.

McClelland, Edward (August 4, 2011). "Illinois: The Most Democratic State". NBC Chicago. Archived from the original on March 13, 2017 . Retrieved December 29, 2016.

History

a b "Ethanol Fact Sheet". Illinois Corn Growers Association. 2010. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011 . Retrieved January 18, 2010.