Australasia was a combined team of athletes from Australia and the Dominion of New Zealand that competed together at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics. When the Olympic Games resumed in 1920 after World War I, the two nations sent separate teams to the Games, and have done so ever since. The olive wreath was the prize for the winner at the Ancient Olympic Games. It was an olive branch, off the wild-olive tree that grew at Olympia, [2] intertwined to form a circle or a horse-shoe. According to Pausanias, it was introduced by Heracles as a prize for the winner of the running race to honour Zeus. [3] Like all these, arrows and thumbs do not indicate top three but rather show best, rest and worst: (pointing) up, sideways, down. Olympic Games - Sochi 2014 | Winter Summer Past and Future Olympics". International Olympic Committee . Retrieved 2014-03-03. Some sports (such as boxing, judo, taekwondo, and wrestling) award or have previously awarded two bronze medals per competition.

The IOC dictates the physical properties of the medals and has the final decision about the finished design. Specifications for the medals are developed along with the National Olympic Committee (NOC) hosting the Games, though the IOC has brought in some set rules: [15] [16] Watkins, Ginger T., ed. (1997). The Official Report of the Centennial Olympic Games, Volume III The Competition Results (PDF). Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers. pp.viii–ix. ISBN 1-56145-150-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06 . Retrieved 2017-09-09.Murphy, Sean D. (2002). United States Practice in International Law: 1999–2001. Vol.1. Cambridge University Press. p.130. ISBN 978-0-521-75070-7.

List of defunct historical NOCs and special delegations with medals (sortable & unranked) [ edit ] Defunct historical NOCs with medals [ edit ] a b Lawrie, Kevin. "Olympic Success - when 24 athletes = 1 medal - Sport Law". sportlaw.ca/ . Retrieved 9 August 2021. The Winter Olympics are slightly different, and are not as strictly regulated by the IOC (International Olympics Committee) in terms of medal composition. Throughout history, Winter Olympics medals have included non-precious metals, such as glass and lacquer. While it appears that gold, silver and bronze medals are here to stay for the Summer Olympics, that doesn’t explain why these are the chosen elements for such a symbolic and prestigious prize. Oa Ob Michel Théato, a French athlete who won the gold medal in marathon at the 1900 Games, was born in Luxembourg. [4] The IOC does not recognize Luxembourg participation at the 1900 Games and attributes his medal to France.

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The Republic of China (ROC) participated in its first Summer Olympics in 1932 under the name of China. After the Chinese Civil War, the ROC retreated to the island of Taiwan in 1949, and only Taiwan-based athletes have competed on its behalf since then. In 1971, the ROC was expelled from the United Nations, but was permitted to compete under its official name, flag, and anthem in the 1972 Winter, 1972 Summer, and 1976 Winter Olympics. It was denied official representation in the 1976 Summer Olympics and boycotted it as a result. The 1979 Nagoya Resolution allowed the ROC to compete under the deliberately-ambiguous name " Chinese Taipei"; it protested against this decision and boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics as well, but has competed under this name since the 1984 Winter Olympics. IOC suspends Kuwait's national Olympic committee". USA Today. 27 October 2015 . Retrieved 4 November 2015.

M Enrico Brusoni's gold medal in the Cycling Men's Points Race at the 1900 Summer Olympics [36] is recognized by the Italian National Olympic Committee as well as the IOC [37] as being won in a 1900 Summer Olympics event, although some sources state it was unofficial. [38]

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) does not recognise global ranking per country; the medal tables are displayed for information only. Furthermore, the results that we publish are official and are taken from the "Official Report" - a document published for each Olympic Games by the Organising Committee. However, for the first Olympic Games (until Antwerp in 1920), it is difficult to give the exact number of medals awarded to some countries since teams were composed of athletes from different countries. The medal tables by country are based on the number of medals won, with gold medals taking priority over silver and bronze. A team victory counts as one medal. [4] Official reports [ edit ] Australia's disappointing 10th-place in the 2012 medals table prompted the Australian Sports Commission to draw up a ten-year plan which included a "medium-term" goal of a top-five place in the Summer Olympics and Paralympics and a top-15 place in the winter games. [15] [16] In 2004, a 3:2:1 system was used by the Australian Geography Teachers Association. [37] This weighting values a gold medal as much weight as a silver and a bronze medal combined. In response to the 2008 controversy over medal rank, Jeff Z. Klein in a New York Times blog post proposed a 4:2:1 system as a compromise between the total-medals and golds-first methods. [38] These systems have been popular in certain places at certain times, but none of them have been adopted on a large scale. SRB , YUG to 1992 , YUG/SCG Serbia (SRB, 1912, 2006–current) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1912. Yugoslavia (YUG, 1920–1992 Winter) competed as Kingdom of Yugoslavia (officially the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929) in five Games (1920–1936) before the Second World War. They later competed as Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for the Games (1948–1992 Winter). This ended with the breakup of Yugoslavia. Some ex-Yugoslavian nations ( Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina) have competed as independent teams since 1992. Individual athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) competed as Independent Olympic Participants (IOP) at the 1992 Summer Games because of sanctions placed by the United Nations. Athletes representing Macedonia likewise competed as Independent Olympic Participants that year because their NOC had not yet been formed, but since 1996 Macedonia has competed as an independent team. The team of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (SCG, 2004–2006) consisted of Serbia and Montenegro, until 2006 when Montenegro seceded from the Union. This team competed as Yugoslavia (YUG) from 1996–2002 and then changed to Serbia and Montenegro (2004–2006). After 96 years Serbia returned to the Olympics as an independent team at the 2008 Games. Montenegro first participated as an independent team in 2008. The1900 Olympic Games in Paris took the style of awards in a new direction, and victors were given cups, trophies, and valuable pieces of art to honor their victory. There was no established rule at this point regarding awards, and it was left up to the judgment of the host country.