In 1830, the facings of the full-dress coat were changed from white to scarlet. This was the case until 1843. [ citation needed] Some soldiers wore speciality insignia such as horseshoes for farriers or two crossed axes for sappers Musicians [ edit ] National Maritime Museum". www.nmm.ac.uk. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on 12 December 2011 . Retrieved 31 January 2015.

battalions musketiers of 6 companies each (total 12 companies of medium height musketiers), and 2 companies of grenadiers.

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In 1815 majority of the new regiments that were formed from reserve, foreign, and volunteer troops had not received

infantry, 3,000 cavalry and 500 artillery and engineers. Their moral was probably greater than their The years of 1807-1812 were time of reorganization and reform of the army, and infantry in particular. Leib-fahne. Generally speaking, the Retirierfahne of a I Battalion was of the same design and colouring as both colours of the II Battalion, Light Dragoons, 26th Hussars [UK]". 2007-10-13. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13 . Retrieved 2021-02-22.Elting, John; Knotel, Herbert (illus.). Napoleonic Uniforms. Volumes I, II, III & IV. Macmillan, 1993 & Emperor's Press, 2000. See also: French Revolutionary Wars French victory over the Prussians at the Battle of Valmy in 1792 Once a boy, further advancement could be obtained through various specialties. A cabin boy assisted with the ship's kitchen, as well as other duties, while a powder monkey helped in the ship's armoury. [ citation needed] After the Age of Sail ended, the position of ship's boy became an actual Royal Navy rank known as " boy seaman". [ citation needed] Position

The Royal Navy was not exceptional in its employment of young boys, who were rated in three classes: A Boy Third Class was under 15 and was usually employed as an officer's servant, a Boy Second class was between 16 and 18 and undertook normal seaman's duties. Boy First Class was a rating reserved for those training to become officers; usually young gentlemen from well-to-do families. [15] [16] This was a popular and recognised route, offering an opportunity to accumulate knowledge and sea time, prior to becoming a midshipman. Service as a ship's boy was recorded as sea-service; officers' servants could obtain credit towards the mandatory six years of sea time needed before attempting the lieutenant's exam. [17] It was not uncommon for these boys to be signed on in name only while they remained on land at school, high-ranking officers supplying fictitious seatime in exchange for some reward or favour. [18] Freytag-Loringhoven wrote, "The Prussian infantry at one time took the Frederician maxim of marching boldly upon the In 1813 at Hagelberg the IV Battalion of 3rd Kurmark Landwehr deployed into skirmish formation and advanced Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, was in a fury over the uniforms issued to his newly created Illyrian Regiment: “Too small, too short, too tight, badly cut, badly made, badly sewed; many of the buttonholes made only with a simple snip of the scissors … sleeves not lined … capotes so tight that they cannot be worn over the uniform coat but they hamper the movements of men who have nothing on but a waistcoat under them; many … are of bad cloth … I want a report!” he wrote in his book called Correspondence on September 6, 1811. Bowden, Scott (1983). Armies at Waterloo: A Detailed Analysis of the Armies That Fought History's Greatest Battle. Empire Games Press. ISBN 0-913037-02-8.grey with provincial-colored patches. The greatcoat was almost ankle-length but in 1814 was shortened. Chevron = 10–15 Years service. 2 Chevrons = 15–20 Years service. 3 Chevrons = 20–25 Years of service. soldiers and would lead assaults in battle. During the Napoleonic Wars the Prussian infantry regiment had 2 British Army Roll of Regiments 1881". 2007-10-25. Archived from the original on 2007-10-25 . Retrieved 2021-02-22. Duchess of York's Own) Regiment of (Light) Dragoons — orange facings, silver lace and buttons, blue and orange belts

This army was composed entirely of Prussians from the provinces of the Kingdom of Prussia, old and recently acquired alike. Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher commanded this army with General August Neidhardt von Gneisenau as his chief of staff and second in command. [21]military value, though later, they formed good schools for the training of officers and under-officers, in supplying whom there was considerable difficulty." ( Petre - "Napoleon at War" p 113, publ. 1984) Foreign Regiments in French Service 1808 – 1814: the Portugues Legion and the Iberian Troupes Étrangère Pirch I", the use of Roman numerals being used in Prussian service to distinguish officers of the same name, in this case from his brother, seven years his junior, Otto Karl Lorenz "Pirch II" The two grenadier companies of first regiment and two of the second, were detached and formed combined grenadier battalion.