See also: Jones, Darianna (9 July 2014). "An open letter to gay guys who look down on 'Fem Guys' ". The Good Men Project . Retrieved 6 March 2015. a b c d Francis, Martin (April 2007). "A flight from commitment? Domesticity, adventure and the masculine imaginary in Britain after the Second World War". Gender & History. 19 (1): 163–185. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0424.2007.00469.x. S2CID 144767677. Roper, Michael (March 2005). "Slipping out of view: subjectivity and emotion in gender history". History Workshop Journal. 59 (1): 57–72. doi: 10.1093/hwj/dbi006. S2CID 144245717. George, Annie (July 2006). "Reinventing honorable masculinity: discourses from a working-class Indian community". Men and Masculinities. 9 (1): 35–52. doi: 10.1177/1097184X04270379. S2CID 143440592.

Tacitus presented the Germanic warrior Arminius as a masculine hero in his account of ancient Germany whose already violent nature was further heightened by the abduction of his beloved wife Thusnelda by the Roman general Germanicus. In his rage Arminius demanded war against the Roman empire. [26] [27] [28] [29] Medieval and Victorian eras [ edit ] Beowulf fighting the dragon Martin, Karin A. 1996. Puberty, Sexuality, and the Self: Boys and Girls at Adolescence. New York: Routledge. Taylor, Gary (2002). Castration: an abbreviated history of western manhood. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415938815.

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Wong, Y. Joel; etal. (2017). "Meta-analyses of the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and mental health-related outcomes" (PDF). Journal of Counseling Psychology. 64 (1): 80–93. doi: 10.1037/cou0000176. PMID 27869454. S2CID 8385. a b c d e Wharton, Amy S. (2005). The Sociology of Gender: An Introduction to Theory and Research. John Wiley & Sons. pp.29–31. ISBN 978-1-40-514343-1. Choi, Yeomi (29 January 2019). "Major League Baseball and Racialized Masculinities in Korean Digital Media". Communication & Sport. 8 (2): 168–187. doi: 10.1177/2167479519825618. S2CID 150733468.

Durham, Meenakshi G.; Oates, Thomas P. (2004). "The mismeasure of masculinity: the male body, 'race' and power in the enumerative discourses of the NFL Draft". Patterns of Prejudice. 38 (3): 301–320. doi: 10.1080/0031322042000250475. S2CID 146256628.Tatchell, Peter (January 1999). "What straight men could learn from gay men - a queer kind of masculinity?". The Scavenger . Retrieved 7 March 2015. Thomas, R. Murray (2001), " Feminist perspectives", in Thomas, R. Murray, ed. (2001). Recent theories of human development. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE. p.248. ISBN 9780761922476. Gender feminists also consider traditional feminine traits (gentleness, modesty, humility, sacrifice, supportiveness, empathy, compassion, tenderness, nurturance, intuitiveness, sensitivity, unselfishness) morally superior to the traditional masculine traits (courage, strong will, ambition, independence, assertiveness, initiative, rationality and emotional control). Butler, Judith (2006) [1990]. Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. New York London: Routledge. Levine, Martin (1998). Gay macho: the life and death of the homosexual clone. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 9780814746943. Hammurabi (1910). Hooker, Richard (ed.). The Code of Hammurabi. L.W. King (translator). Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.