It is a core principle of the European court that, in general, it will only accept a case for consideration if the applicant has first gone through their national court system to seek a remedy. This means that most human rights breaches are resolved by a national court giving judgment, without the need for a case to be taken to the European court. In effect, the cases taken to the European court are a form of ‘appeal’, where the national courts have not found in the applicant’s favour. The commandment to love other people is given in the Torah, which states, "Love your neighbor like yourself" ( Leviticus 19:18). The Torah's commandment to love God "with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might" ( Deuteronomy 6:5) is taken by the Mishnah (a central text of the Jewish oral law) to refer to good deeds, willingness to sacrifice one's life rather than commit certain serious transgressions, willingness to sacrifice all of one's possessions, and being grateful to the Lord despite adversity ( tractate Berachoth 9:5). Rabbinic literature differs as to how this love can be developed, e.g., by contemplating divine deeds or witnessing the marvels of nature.

Kristeller, Paul Oskar (1980). Renaissance Thought and the Arts: Collected Essays. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02010-5.Abstractly discussed, love usually refers to a feeling one person experiences for another person. Love often involves caring for, or identifying with, a person or thing (cf. vulnerability and care theory of love), including oneself (cf. narcissism). In addition to cross-cultural differences in understanding love, ideas about love have also changed greatly over time. Some historians date modern conceptions of romantic love to courtly Europe during or after the Middle Ages, although the prior existence of romantic attachments is attested by ancient love poetry. [11] The Christian understanding is that love comes from God, who is himself love ( 1 John 4:8). The love of man and woman— eros in Greek—and the unselfish love of others ( agape), are often contrasted as "descending" and "ascending" love, respectively, but are ultimately the same thing. [43] While these are just suggestions, it is important to cater your acts of service to the person. Preferences vary across people, so by focusing on what your partner will appreciate the most, you can ensure you are displaying your care in ways your partner will receive the best. How can you show acts of service in a long-distance relationship? WATCH: Richard Curtis & Vanessa Kirby in Conversation – AH / JW3 Speaker Series" (Interview). Interviewed by Vanessa Kirby. London: Alan Howard/JW3 Speaker Series. 28 February 2018. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 . Retrieved 18 March 2021. Two other words for love in the Greek language, eros (sexual love) and storge (child-to-parent love), were never used in the New Testament. [9]

The Apostle Paul glorified love as the most important virtue of all. Describing love in the famous poetic interpretation in 1 Corinthians, he wrote, "Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, and always perseveres." ( 1 Corinthians 13:4–7)

2. Philia

Frances de la Tour reflects on 'odd' decision to cut gay Love Actually scene". The Independent. 15 September 2022 . Retrieved 6 November 2023. In recent years, various human bonding theories have been developed, described in terms of attachments, ties, bonds, and affinities. Within the infant rind of this weak flower/ Poison hath residence and medicine power.” (Act II, Sc iii) Singer, Irving (1966). The Nature of Love. Vol.(in three volumes) (v.1 reprinted and later volumes from The University of Chicago Press, 1984ed.). Random House. ISBN 978-0-226-76094-0. Green, Emma (10 December 2013). "I Will Not Be Ashamed of Loving Love Actually". The Atlantic . Retrieved 28 December 2013.