Will it be isolated, will it be contained, or will it be conciliated, comforted and brought in from the cold by other political elements, like the centre-right ‑ or even the centre-left? This approach takes off the agenda a discussion of ‘multicultural working-class communities, experiencing the same problems of industrial flight and neoliberal abandonment’ (p. These range from Iceland in the northwest of Europe, situated on the Mid-Atlantic-Ridge, to the North Anatolian Fault zone in Turkey in the southeast.

One particularly striking example given is that of Tino Brandt, a fascist in Thuringia in Germany, who was recruited by the security services and later given a prison sentence for over sixty cases of sexual abuse of minors, including rape. This is because they, apparently, only sought guidance and a sense of belonging in joining white extremist groups, fleeing an increasingly diverse social sphere, where they can’t find their place. A moderate earthquake in a densely populated part of Europe, or in an area that hosts critical infrastructures, like a pipeline, can have an enormous impact. If you donate and also register with the drb you will enjoy permanent free access to our archive of several thousand essays on reaching €100 in donations.

This has led to an array of extreme-right parties gaining ground and indeed power, taking advantage of ‘the comfort of the sticking-plaster of nationalism’ (p. Greece also responded to the Ankara-Tripoli agreement by coordinating its Libya policy more closely with Egypt, a key backer of Haftar’s Libya National Army (LNA). She also makes the point that the centre left cannot be let off the hook, citing New Labour’s ‘controls on immigration’ mug during the 2015 UK General Election as a contemporary example.

The language used to justify this ranges from the blatant racism of Hungary’s prime minister Viktor Orbán, to that used by leaders in the northern states, who tend to fall back on ‘the fiction that Europe is the continent of liberalism, generosity and the rule of law’ (p. Likewise, in relation to extremism, a metanarrative has been established that leaves the state, or capital, out of any discussion.

Given this book attempts to understand the far right in Europe, there is a surprising lack of analysis about the role of Islam in Europe - with no attempt to explore the ideology of Islamism, Salafism or Islamic concepts such as Jihad. The traditional view of leftish sections of the commentariat is that this continent-wide surge in support is built on the votes of people who have been “left behind” by changes in the organisation of capitalism and “let down” by the political centre, and perhaps particularly by the centre-left. These are neo-Nazi and fascist groups, and of course the Greek grouping was the first outright neo-Nazi party to gain a powerful presence in Europe since the 1970s, when the dictatorships in Portugal, Spain and Greece had been overthrown.