Qing Yu 1,2 Yacheng Wang 1 Quyet Van Le 3 Han Yang 1 Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha 4 Yafeng Yang 1 Christian Sonne 1,5 Meisam Tabatabaei 1,4,6,7 Su Shiung Lam 1,6 Wanxi Peng 1* An alternative, or perhaps complementary, way to think about this issue is in terms of how the energetic activity in the brain is organized rather than its global level or localization. Indeed, this has implicitly been the focus of recent research that aims to provide quantitative measures of consciousness levels. In one study, researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to send a magnetic pulse through the brains of healthy controls and patients with various states of impaired consciousness ( Casali et al., 2013). By measuring how the pulse perturbed the cortex the researchers were able to determine the relative complexity and extent of the pathways through which the pulse propagated and correlate these to levels of consciousness. The researchers calculated a perturbation-complexity index (PCI) that quantified the levels of consciousness present in each person they studied. This method was further validated as a reliable objective measure of levels of consciousness by Casarotto et al. (2016).

The authors of Wollstadt et al. (2017) , for example, studied the breakdown of local information processing under anesthesia using information theoretic methods. They point out that the EEG procedure they used did not directly record information processing in the brain but local field potentials, that is, fluctuations in quantities of potential energy. It can be seen that the fitting results of the linear regression model are basically usable. The comprehensive significance test of the model shows that F is 4.099, P is 0.034, and the coefficient of determination is 0.313, indicating that the overall model passes the test at the 5% significance level. The Shaanxi H index passes the significance test at the 10% significance level, and the estimated coefficient of coal proportion passes the significance test at the 5% significance level, indicating that the Shaanxi H index and the estimated coefficient of coal proportion are significant under the corresponding conditions. Based on the above result, the overall model and the estimated coefficients of the two independent variables have passed the significance test. Citation: Yin T (2023) The diversity of energy consumption structure, energy efficiency and carbon emissions: Evidence from Shaanxi, China. PLoS ONE 18(5):Aristoteles. Metaphysics; Miao, L., Translator; China People’s Press: Beijing, China, 2003. (In Chinese) [ Google Scholar]

The article is supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province (No. 21IRTSTHN020) and Central Plain Scholar Funding Project of Henan Province (No. 212101510005). Conflict of Interest The abbreviations referred to in the paper are as follows. H index stands for diversity index, E index stands for equilibrium index, DEA stands for Data Envelopment Analysis, DMU stands for Decision Making Units. Actualized differences, as distinct from abstract differences represented in mathematics and information theory, are characterized by there being something it is like, intrinsically, to undergo those differences, that is, to undergo antagonistic states of opposing forces. All actualized differences undergo this something it is like-ness, but not all contribute to consciousness.If consciousness is a natural physical process then it should be explicable in terms of energy, forces and work. Energy is a physical property of nature that is causally efficacious and, like forces and work, can be conceived as actualized differences of motion and tension.