Dog breeds [ change | change source ] Dogs are bred into very different breeds: here a Great Dane and a small Chihuahua. See also List of dog breeds.

WHO expert consultation on rabies: Third report, vol.WHO Technical Report Series, 931, World Health Organization, 2018, hdl: 10665/272364, ISBN 978-92-4-121021-8 People with pet dogs took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets. The results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive effects on human health and behavior and that for guardians of dogs, these effects are relatively long-term. [162] Pet guardianship has also been associated with increased coronary artery disease survival. Human guardians are significantly less likely to die within one year of an acute myocardial infarction than those who did not own dogs. [163] The association between dog ownership and adult physical activity levels has been reviewed by several authors. [164]Boxed topics on record breakers, canine film stars, and heroic war dogs add a fascinating degree of detail. How many dogs and cats are eaten in Asia?". Animalpeoplenews.org. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012 . Retrieved 19 December 2012. Intoh, Michiko; Shigehara, Nobuo (2004). "Prehistoric pig and dog remains from Fais Island, Micronesia". Anthropological Science. 112 (3): 257–267. doi: 10.1537/ase.040511. Williams, Tully (2007). Working Sheep Dogs. Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-09343-0.

There have been two significant trends occurring within the second half of the 20th century in pet dogs' changing status. The first has been "commodification", shaping it to conform to social expectations of personality and behavior. [113] The second has been the broadening of the family's concept and the home to include dogs-as-dogs within everyday routines and practices. [113] a b c d e f g h Sherman, Josepha (2008). Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore. Sharpe Reference. pp.118–121. ISBN 978-0-7656-8047-1. Ortolani, A (2009). "Ethiopian village dogs: Behavioural responses to a stranger's approach". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 119 (#3–4): 210–218. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2009.03.011. Savolainen, Peter; Ya-ping Zhang, Jing Luo, Joakim Lundeberg, Thomas Leitner 2002. Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of domestic dogs. Science 298 pp1610–3. Also more like cats, dogs require arginine to maintain nitrogen balance. These nutritional requirements place dogs halfway between carnivores and omnivores. [94] RangeMorrison, Wallace B. (1998). Cancer in Dogs and Cats (1st ed.). Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-683-06105-5. a b Irving-Pease, Evan K.; Ryan, Hannah; Jamieson, Alexandra; Dimopoulos, Evangelos A.; Larson, Greger; Frantz, Laurent A. F. (2018). "Paleogenomics of Animal Domestication". In Lindqvist, C.; Rajora, O. (eds.). Paleogenomics. Population Genomics. Springer, Cham. pp.225–272. doi: 10.1007/13836_2018_55. ISBN 978-3-030-04752-8.

a b Axelsson, E.; Ratnakumar, A.; Arendt, M.L.; Maqbool, K.; Webster, M.T.; Perloski, M.; Liberg, O.; Arnemo, J.M.; Hedhammar, Å.; Lindblad-Toh, K. (2013). "The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet". Nature. 495 (#7441): 360–364. Bibcode: 2013Natur.495..360A. doi: 10.1038/nature11837. PMID 23354050. S2CID 4415412. Linnæus, Carl (1758). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I (in Latin) (10ed.). Laurentius Salvius. pp.38–40 . Retrieved 11 February 2017. a b Michell AR (1999). "Longevity of British breeds of dog and its relationships with sex, size, cardiovascular variables and disease". The Veterinary Record. 145 (#22): 625–629. doi: 10.1136/vr.145.22.625. PMID 10619607. S2CID 34557345. Kruger, K.A. & Serpell, J.A. (2006). Animal-assisted interventions in mental health: Definitions and theoretical foundations, In Fine, A.H. (ed.), Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. San Diego, CA, Academic Press: 21–38. ISBN 978-0-12-369484-3 Gompper, Matthew E. (2013). "Ch.1-The dog–human–wildlife interface: assessing the scope of the problem". In Gompper, Matthew E (ed.). Free-Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation. Oxford University Press. p.25. ISBN 978-0-19-181018-3.

Featured Dog Breed Comparisons

Genetic evidence suggests that dogs descended directly from wolves ( Canis) and that the now-extinct wolf lineages that produced dogs branched off from the line that produced modern living wolves sometime between 27,000 and 40,000 years ago. The timing and location of dog domestication is a matter of debate. There is strong genetic evidence, however, that the first domestication events occurred somewhere in northern Eurasia between 14,000 and 29,000 years ago. In this region wolves likely facilitated their own domestication by trailing nomadic people in northern Eurasia and consuming the remains of game animals that hunters left behind. There was a lot of variety among wolves in the Late Pleistocene. [1] The dingo is also a dog, but many dingos have become wild animals again and live independently of humans in the range where they occur (parts of Australia). O'Neill, D.G.; Church, D.B.; McGreevy, P.D.; Thomson, P.C.; Brodbelt, D.C. (2013). "Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England" (PDF). The Veterinary Journal. 198 (3): 638–643. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020. PMID 24206631. Kaminski, Juliane; Waller, Bridget M.; Diogo, Rui; Hartstone-Rose, Adam; Burrows, Anne M. (2019). "Evolution of facial muscle anatomy in dogs". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (29): 14677–14681. Bibcode: 2019PNAS..11614677K. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1820653116. PMC 6642381. PMID 31209036.

Kaminski, Juliane; Hynds, Jennifer; Morris, Paul; Waller, Bridget M. (2017). "Human attention affects facial expressions in domestic dogs". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 12914. Bibcode: 2017NatSR...712914K. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12781-x. PMC 5648750. PMID 29051517. Miklósi, Adám (2007). Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford University Press. pp.95–136. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199295852.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-929585-2. Almada RC, Coimbra NC. Recruitment of striatonigral disinhibitory and nigrotectal inhibitory GABAergic pathways during the organization of defensive behavior by mice in a dangerous environment with the venomous snake Bothrops alternatus [ Reptilia, Viperidae ] Synapse 2015:n/a–n/a Korea dog meat campaigners accused of hypocrisy". The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. 27 December 2017. Gifford, Clive; Lisa Clayden (2002). Family Flip Quiz Geography. Miles Kelly Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84236-146-7.Further information: Canis lupus dingo §Taxonomic debate – the domestic dog, dingo, and New Guinea singing dog People have been breeding dogs since prehistoric times. The earliest dog breeders used wolves to create domestic dogs. From the beginning, humans purposefully bred dogs to perform various tasks. Hunting, guarding, and herding are thought to be among the earliest jobs eagerly performed by the animal destined to be called “man’s best friend.”