On the uncertain environment we find ourselves in; well calibrated risks are said to be addictive to the brain (eg. gambling) whereas total ambiguity is just agitating. If you’re looking to play in an environment that is fraught with uncertainty, use calculated risks to make the sell/get stakeholder buy-in/make the decision etc. Humans, like many other animals, instinctively want to fit in. We want to be part of the in-group, so we obey our culture’s rules, follow its beliefs, and expect others to do the same. Realizing that we’re not matching the people around us can cause serious anxiety—just imagine showing up to a fancy party in jeans and a t-shirt. Consider Rudy Giuliani who grew up in Brooklyn in an Italian-American enclave dominated by organised crime. Juliana’s father have time for armed robbery and then worked for his brother-in-law a mob loan shark. Julianna Rose to National prominence in 1985 as the attorney prosecuting the five families in the market commission trial effectively destroying them. He was strongly motivated to counter the stereotype of Italian American as synonymous with organised crime. He said that and if that’s not enough to remove the mafia prejudice then they probably could not be anything you could do to remove it. If you want someone to prosecute mafiosi with tylers intensity, get a proud Italian-American outraged by the stereotypes generated by the Mob. i127882443 |b1110011731417 |dmrlan |g- |m |h8 |x1 |t3 |i5 |j300 |k191012 |n10-31-2023 18:24 |o- |a612.8 Sap i109966612 |b1060006372716 |deva |g- |m |h11 |x1 |t1 |i6 |j70 |k170511 |n06-05-2023 16:43 |o- |a612.8 |rSAP

Robert Morris Sapolsky (born April 6, 1957) is an American neuroendocrinology researcher and author. He is a professor of biology, neurology, neurological sciences, and neurosurgery at Stanford University. In addition, he is a research associate at the National Museums of Kenya. [3] Early life and education [ edit ]

The Neocortex: Evolutionarily speaking, this is the newest part of our brain, responsible for abstract thinking, math, memory, language, music, long-term planning, etc. Other mammals like primates and dolphins have a neocortex, but it’s uniquely large in humans. So the prefrontal cortex, which is all about long term planning and delaying gratification, seems to play a large role in life success. But don’t worry, it’s not just a genetic talent. These researchers found that some kids were better at resisting the marshmallow because they used better mental strategies, like thinking about something else or putting a frame around the marshmallow (pretending it was a picture rather than a real marshmallow). And teaching these strategies to other kids boosted their willpower too. On the first day of August 1966, Charlie Whitman stabbed his wife and mother, then went to the top of a University of Texas tower and used a rifle to kill 17 people and wound 31 others. The strangest part of this event was that for most of his life Charlie was known as a bright and intelligent person. He had an IQ of 138, putting him into the 99th percentile. As a child, he was an eagle scout and had a newspaper route. Later working at the bank his supervisor described him as “a truly outstanding person. Very likeable. Neat. Nice looking… A great guy.”

Yet the question remains: if human beings are simply reactive robots, slaves to natural law who are causally buffeted by a zillion factors of biology and circumstance, why would we have any say in whether things get better? Either they will or they won’t, but on this magisterial account it seems that we can’t really choose to do anything about it. This book is a miraculous synthesis of scholarly domains, and laudably careful to point out the limits of our knowledge Sapolsky, Robert M (1990). "Stress in the Wild". Scientific American. 262 (1): 106–13. Bibcode: 1990SciAm.262a.116S. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0190-116. JSTOR 24996650. PMID 2294581. i109966624 |b1060006372958 |deve |g- |m231117 |h5 |x0 |t1 |i1 |j70 |k170511 |n12-14-2017 20:02 |o- |a612.8 |rSAP The dopaminergic system is about reward (which is why our smartphones can be so addictive). Blunted dopamine receptors is the inability to feel pleasure which can lead to depression.Dehumanisation and pseudospeciation are the tools that propagandists use to pedal hate. Their tools used to making them seem disgusting to make them seem like rodent has cancer as transitional species to make them as reading Lee malodorous as living in hives and chaos that to normal human would.

Let’s return to the topic of aggression, because the frontal cortex seems to play a role in regulating aggression. A 2007 review paper from the University of Ohio said: “In humans, many studies have reported a link between brain damage to the frontal cortex and increased aggressive behaviour. These findings are consistent with reports that individuals who rank highly on measures of reactive aggression show lower-than-average baseline activity in the frontal cortex.” Testosterone increases aggression, but usually by exaggerating already-existing patterns of aggression rather than creating new ones. It also increases impulsivity, risk-taking and status-driven behavior. Oxytocin facilitates trust and bonding between lovers, between mothers and children and probably encourages monogamy, but can increase ethnocentric bias too. Chronic stress, which is a perversion of the “fight or flight response, over the long term can be very damaging to our health and brain function. In general, animals with lower social status have higher stress hormone levels. 7. Childhood: The Early Influence of Parents and Environment

Transcript of How I Write Conversation with Robert Sapolsky". Stanford University . Retrieved August 20, 2011.

Warning for the single guys who are probably already Googling away, testosterone boosts impulsivity and risk-taking, making people do the easier thing when is the dumb-ass thing to do. When people cheat or do bad things they often wash their hand or have a shower to feel better afterwards. Washing decreases and emotional arousal as it decreases the diameter of subjects pupils.Washing your hands to absolve yourself of your sins is known as the Macbeth effect. Crucially, the brain region most involved in feeling afraid and anxious is most involved in generating aggression. The most common cause of individual human violence is male to male competition for direct or indirect reproductive access to females. And then there is the dizzyingly common male violence against females for coercive sex or as a response to rejection. A child is far more likely to be abused or killed by stepper then by parent. Stress: Portrait of a Killer". Stress: Portrait of a Killer. Stanford University, National Geographic. 2008. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016 . Retrieved August 25, 2014.It’s a common view, though by no means the overwhelming philosophical consensus. Notably, he prefers to cite mainly neuroscientists and legal scholars. Sapolsky ends the chapter with a display of his pleasingly undogmatic spirit, confessing that he finds it impossible actually to live his life as though he does not have free will. It’s perhaps worth noting, too, that one study he does not mention here (by Kathleen Vohs and Jonathan Schooler in 2008) implies that the idea we have free will, whether true or not, is a crucial placebo idea for a well-functioning society: in the experiment, subjects convinced they didn’t have free will were more likely to act unethically.