The cipher illustrated above uses a left shift of three, so that each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. This book is targeted at both learners (from 9 to 99 years old and above) and educators (parents, teachers) who want to adopt a challenging and enthusing approach towards learning about computing concepts whilst developing their programming skills. The Caesar cipher is named after Julius Caesar, who used it, more than 2000 years ago, to protect messages of military significance. The Goodwill Community Foundation developed this course. For almost 20 years, their GCFLearnFree.org program has helped millions around the world learn the essential skills they need to live and work in the 21st century.

You will be able to use this machine to both encrypt or decrypt enigma messages (Enigma encryption is symmetric, which means that the same settings can be used to both encrypt or decrypt a message). The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet.

Boost your programming skills by completing fun and enthusing computing challenges. Learn how to program using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Scratch, Python and Database software. From “Hello World” to complex retro arcade games, choose a challenge based on your abilities and interests. Computers can be intimidating, especially if you didn't grow up with them. Some tasks that seem simple to experienced users can seem impossible to new users. You will find on this blog a range of LMC challenges that you can complete using our online LMC simulator: For educators, this book can be used in many different ways. You may be running a computing club and want to find exciting challenges for students to complete together or compete against each other. Alternatively you can decide to focus on one of these challenges with your class and approach it with a more directed step by step approach to help pupils discover new skills. You can also use some of these challenges as homework tasks. Why not give students one or two of these challenges to focus on during the end of term break?

This selection of 101 Python programming challenges is targeted at both learners and educators who want to find a challenging and enthusing approach to develop their programming skills using Python. In this book you will find a fully working solution to each of the 101 challenges in the form of annotated Python code listings. LMC simulators can be used to implement simple programs to perform basic mathematical operations such as adding or subtracting numbers, comparing or sorting numbers, etc. Launch our online LMC Simulator Open in new tab/window We believe that being able to work on these challenges and reverse-engineer the given code will give you a fantastic opportunity to improve your Python skills while discovering new programing techniques. This selection of challenges from the 101computing.net blog will cover all of the essentials skills used in procedural programming, focusing on the key programming constructs: sequencing, selection and iteration. The 101 challenges are organised into ten chapters to help you discover and practise on using a range of programming strategies using a step by step approach. We just released a computer and technology basics course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel. This course teaches the basics of computer use and is perfect for beginners and people that want to fill in some gaps on their knowledge.Our Enigma machine emulator is replicating the encryption process of the Enigma M3 series that was used by the German Navy (Kriegsmarine). It is fitted with a UKW-B reflector. Later on through the war, it was replaced by the M4 series which included a 4throtor. When encrypting, a person looks up each letter of the message in the “plain” line and writes down the corresponding letter in the “cipher” line. On most modern cars, the car can automatically turn the lights on and off when it detects it is driven at night time or when the driver is driving in rainy conditions. Nowadays most cars are equipped with the following sensors and switches to control the headlights: The encryption can also be represented using modular arithmetic by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1,…, Z = 25.[2] Encryption of a letter x by a shift n can be described mathematically as,