The Franks normally called them Northmen or Danes, while for the English they were generally known as Danes or heathen, and the Irish knew them as pagans or gentiles. [62] Aswad, Jem (16 November 2010). "Beatles End Digital Boycott, Catalog Now on iTunes". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 17 December 2010 . Retrieved 17 November 2010. Culture, attraction and soft power" (PDF). British Council. 9 April 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2017 . Retrieved 9 April 2017. After the Beatles completed their second Hamburg residency, they enjoyed increasing popularity in Liverpool with the growing Merseybeat movement. However, they were growing tired of the monotony of numerous appearances at the same clubs night after night. [34] In November 1961, during one of the group's frequent performances at the Cavern Club, they encountered Brian Epstein, a local record-store owner and music columnist. [35] He later recalled: "I immediately liked what I heard. They were fresh, and they were honest, and they had what I thought was a sort of presence... [a] star quality." [36] First EMI recordings

Starr was briefly hospitalised after a tonsillectomy, and Jimmie Nicol sat in on drums for the first five dates. [115] Other names Europe in 814. Roslagen is located along the coast of the northern tip of the pink area marked "Swedes and Goths". The Vikings spoke Old Norse and made inscriptions in runes. For most of the period they followed the Old Norse religion, but later became Christians. The Vikings had their own laws, art and architecture. Most Vikings were also farmers, fishermen, craftsmen and traders. Popular conceptions of the Vikings often strongly differ from the complex, advanced civilisation of the Norsemen that emerges from archaeology and historical sources. A romanticised picture of Vikings as noble savages began to emerge in the 18th century; this developed and became widely propagated during the 19th-century Viking revival. [16] [17] Perceived views of the Vikings as violent, piratical heathens or as intrepid adventurers owe much to conflicting varieties of the modern Viking myth that had taken shape by the early 20th century. Current popular representations of the Vikings are typically based on cultural clichés and stereotypes, complicating modern appreciation of the Viking legacy. These representations are rarely accurate—for example, there is no evidence that they wore horned helmets, a costume element that first appeared in the 19th century. Compared with other European nations, England was pre-eminent in politics and economics, although not in the arts or the good life. The two-chamber parliament in London, the accountability of ministers to parliament, parliamentary control over government spending, constitutional monarchy, collective cabinet responsibility, and an independent judiciary were emulated across Europe during the next hundred years. The machinery, infrastructure and institutions of Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool and other cities were copied too.

Inglis, Ian (2008). "Cover Story: Magic, Myth and Music". In Julien, Olivier (ed.). Sgt. Pepper and the Beatles: It Was Forty Years Ago Today. Aldershot, UK, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-6249-5. This very popular music hall song could be heard being performed throughout Victorian London’s many theatres. The origins to the lyrics however, appear to stem from two possible sources. Southall, Brian; Perry, Rupert (2006). Northern Songs: The True Story of the Beatles Song Publishing Empire. London: Omnibus. ISBN 978-1-84609-237-4. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023 . Retrieved 31 March 2014. a b "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013 . Retrieved 6 October 2009.

Epstein had been in a fragile emotional state, stressed by personal troubles. It was speculated that he was concerned that the band might not renew his management contract, due to expire in October, over discontent with his supervision of business matters, particularly regarding Seltaeb, the company that handled their US merchandising rights. [223] In Tombs’s depiction, the succession of King James VI of Scotland as England’s monarch after Queen Elizabeth’s death in 1603 proved “disastrous” for the English, for in the House of Stuart “the country acquired Europe’s most hapless dynasty”. The single monarchy did not even protect England from Scottish invasions, which until 1745 proved more frequent and disruptive than ever. After the Act of Union between England and Scotland in 1707, there was long-standing English resentment at the growing influence of Scots in English political and cultural life, while Scotland kept its own legal and educational systems. Tombs’s book is full of arresting details, quirky sidelights, telling quotes and laconic humour Costello, Elvis (2004). "100 Greatest Artists: The Beatles". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013 . Retrieved 25 June 2013.The surname Mountbatten-Windsor first appeared on an official document on 14 November 1973, in the marriage register at Westminster Abbey for the marriage of Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips. Lewisohn, Mark (2013). The Beatles – All These Years, Volume One: Tune In. Crown Archetype. ISBN 978-1-4000-8305-3. Hotten, Russell (4 October 2012). "The Beatles at 50: From Fab Four to fabulously wealthy". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013 . Retrieved 28 January 2013. Kings and princes were historically known by the names of the countries over which they and their families ruled. Kings and queens therefore signed themselves by their first names only, a tradition in the United Kingdom which has continued to the present day.