New Force Design: NGAD Needed Soon, F-22 Sunset Begins in 2030". AFM. 13 May 2021. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022 . Retrieved 18 May 2021. Engine Maintenance: The Pratt & Whitney F119 engines are designed to allow standard flight line maintenance using just six common tools available at commercial hardware stores. This Video Provides Another Look at the F-22 Raptor Covered with a Mirror-Like Coating". 10 December 2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023 . Retrieved 13 March 2023. Hoffman, Michael (1 August 2012), "Air Force Confident F-22 Oxygen Riddle Solved", Military, archived from the original on 30 March 2019 , retrieved 28 April 2019

Katz, Dan (7 July 2017). The Physics And Techniques of Infrared Stealth. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018 . Retrieved 12 April 2019. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help) The aircraft has an integrated avionics system where through sensor fusion, data from all onboard sensor systems as well as off-board inputs are filtered and processed into a combined tactical picture, thus enhancing the pilot's situational awareness and reducing workload. Key mission systems include Sanders/General Electric AN/ALR-94 electronic warfare system, Martin Marietta AN/AAR-56 infrared and ultraviolet Missile Launch Detector (MLD), Westinghouse/ Texas Instruments AN/APG-77 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, TRW Communication/Navigation/Identification (CNI) suite, and long range advanced IRST currently being tested. [100] The F-22's baseline software has some 1.7million lines of code, the majority involving the mission systems such as processing radar data. [139] The integrated nature of the avionics, as well as the use of Ada, [N 11] has made the development and testing of upgrades challenging. To enable more rapid upgrades, the avionics suite added an open mission systems (OMS) processor, as well as an open-source Kubernetes platform called the Open Systems Enclave (OSE) to enable the use of containerized software from third-party vendors. [94] [141] Defense Secretary Gates initially refused to deploy F-22s to the Middle East in 2007; [205] the type made its first deployment in the region at Al Dhafra Air Base in the UAE in 2009. In April 2012, F-22s have been rotating into Al Dhafra, less than 200 miles from Iran. [206] [207] In March 2013, the USAF announced that an F-22 had intercepted an Iranian F-4 Phantom II that approached within 16 miles of an MQ-1 Predator flying off the Iranian coastline. [135] An F-22 refueling prior to combat operations in Syria, September 2014 DOT&E FY2013 Annual Report – F-22A Advanced Tactical Fighter (PDF), OSD, archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2014 , retrieved 29 January 2014 Jeffrey W. Hamstra; Brent N. McCallum (15 September 2010). Tactical Aircraft Aerodynamic Integration. doi: 10.1002/9780470686652.eae490. ISBN 9780470754405. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021 . Retrieved 19 October 2021.The FB-22 was a proposed medium-range supersonic stealth bomber for the USAF. [228] The design was projected to carry up to 30 Small Diameter Bombs to about twice the range of the F-22A. [229] The FB-22 proposals were cancelled with the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review and subsequent developments, in lieu of a larger subsonic bomber with a much greater range. [230] [231] Johnson, Maj. Dani (19 February 2007). "Raptors arrive at Kadena". US Air Force. Archived from the original on 26 June 2010. Aside from advances in air vehicle and propulsion technology, the F-22's avionics and software were unprecedented in terms of complexity and scale, with the fusion of multiple sensors systems and software integration of 1.7million lines of code. [22] To enable early looks and troubleshooting for mission software development, the software was flight-tested on a Boeing 757 modified with F-22 mission systems to serve as the Flying Test Bed avionics laboratory. [23] Manufacturers of the F-22 Axe, David (13 September 2012). "Stealth Fighter's Oxygen Woes Still A Mystery, Air Force Admits". Wired. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013 . Retrieved 1 November 2013. Museum adds the world's first stealthy air dominance fighter to collection". National Museum of the U.S. Air Force (Press release). Archived from the original on 30 March 2008 . Retrieved 23 July 2009.

The F-22's shape combines stealth and aerodynamic performance. Planform and panel edges are aligned and surfaces have continuous curvature to minimize its radar cross-section. Its clipped diamond-like delta wings are smoothly blended into the angular fuselage with four empennage surfaces and leading edge root extensions running to the upper outboard corner of the caret inlets; the inlet upper edges also meet the fuselage's forebody chines. Flight control surfaces include leading-edge flaps, flaperons, ailerons, rudders on the canted vertical stabilizers, and all-moving horizontal tails ( stabilators); for speed brake function, the ailerons deflect up, flaperons down, and rudders outwards to increase drag. Owing to the focus on supersonic performance, area rule is applied extensively to the airplane's shape and nearly all of the fuselage volume lies ahead of the wing's trailing edge, with the stabilators pivoting from tail booms extending aft of the engine nozzles. Weapons are carried internally in the fuselage for stealth. The aircraft has a refueling boom receptacle centered on its spine and retractable tricycle landing gear as well as an emergency tailhook; fire suppression system and fuel tank inerting system are installed for survivability. [23] Garamone, Jim (4 February 2023). "F-22 Safely Shoots Down Chinese Spy Balloon Off South Carolina Coast". United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023 . Retrieved 7 February 2023. Air Force eyes Langley-Eustis as new F-22 training home". Air Force Times. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023 . Retrieved 2 April 2020. F-22 Raptor FTU begins move to JBLE". U.S. Air Force (Air Combat Command). 1 March 2023. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023 . Retrieved 13 March 2023. Wolf, Jim (18 June 2009). "Top general warns against ending F-22 fighter". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013 . Retrieved 1 November 2013.Holmes, Erik. "F-22 problems linked to rain in Guam." Air Force Times, 5 October 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2010.

In late 2014, the USAF tested a rapid deployment concept involving four F-22s and one C-17 for support, first proposed in 2008 by two F-22 pilots. The goal was for the type to be able to set up and engage in combat within 24 hours. [218] [219] Four F-22s were deployed to Spangdahlem Air Base in Germany in August, Łask Air Base in Poland, and Ämari Air Base in Estonia in September 2015, to train with NATO allies. [220] Largest part in printing, size = X 93mm, Y 130mm, Z 132mm, After full assembly size= X 194mm, Y 263mm, Z 73mm Bedard, David (11 May 2012). "Bird of Prey: Bulldogs accept delivery of last Raptor". Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014 . Retrieved 14 July 2012. AN/APG-77 or AN/APG-77(V)1 AESA radar: 125–150 miles (201–241km) against 1m 2 (11sqft) targets (estimated range), more than 250 miles (400km) in narrow beams Mahadzir, Dzirhan (4 June 2014). "F-22s land in Malaysia for first Southeast Asian exercise". Jane's 360. Kuala Lumpur: IHS. Archived from the original on 15 June 2014 . Retrieved 29 June 2014.Canfield, Tech. Sgt. Mikal (8 August 2007). "Elmendorf welcomes F-22 Raptor". U.S. Air Force. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016 . Retrieved 11 April 2016. A transitional year for military combat aircraft", Aviation Week and Space Technology, 1/8 December 2014, p. 60. The F-22 achieved Full Operational Capability (FOC) in December 2007, when General John Corley of Air Combat Command (ACC) officially declared the F-22s of the integrated active duty 1st Fighter Wing and Virginia Air National Guard 192d Fighter Wing fully operational. [188] This was followed by an Operational Readiness Inspection (ORI) of the integrated wing in April 2008, in which it was rated "excellent" in all categories, with a simulated kill-ratio of 221–0. [189] Initial operational problems [ edit ]

As the program moved to full-scale development, or Engineering & Manufacturing Development (EMD), the production F-22 design evolved to have notable differences from the immature YF-22 demonstrator, despite having similar configuration. The wing's leading edge sweep angle was decreased from 48° to 42°, while the vertical stabilizers were shifted rearward and decreased in area by 20%. [18] The radome shape was changed for better radar performance and the wingtips were clipped for antennas. To improve pilot visibility and aerodynamics, the canopy was moved forward 7 inches (18cm) and the engine inlets moved rearward 14 inches (36cm). The shapes of the fuselage, wing, and stabilator trailing edges were refined to improve aerodynamics, strength, and stealth characteristics. The production airframe was designed with a service life of 8,000 hours. [19] [20] Increasing weight during EMD due to demanding survivability requirements and added capabilities caused slight reductions in projected range and maneuver performance. [21] Ayton, Mark (22 December 2016). "Testing the Combat Edge". Air Forces Monthly. Archived from the original on 13 September 2022 . Retrieved 13 March 2023. a b Lopez, C.T. (23 June 2006). "F-22 excels at establishing air dominance". U.S. Air Force. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. US shoots down Chinese 'spy' balloon over Atlantic". BBC News. 4 February 2023. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023 . Retrieved 5 February 2023.Schanz, Marc V. (1 April 2012). "Raptors for the long haul". Air Force Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022 . Retrieved 13 March 2023. The flap of the main wing is not designed to move, but is designed to be attached to the user's desired angle.