Norway – The liberation of Finnmark was a military operation, lasting from 23 October 1944 until 26 April 1945, in which Soviet and Norwegian forces wrestled away control of Finnmark, the northernmost county of Norway, from Germany. It started with a major Soviet offensive that liberated Kirkenes. [26] Brayley, Martin J. (2009). Camouflage uniforms: international combat dress 1940–2010. Ramsbury: Crowood. pp.37 and passim. ISBN 978-1-84797-137-1. Cold-weather conditions occur year-round at high elevation or latitudes, and elsewhere materialize seasonally during the winter period. Mountain warfare often takes place in cold weather or on terrain that is affected by ice and snow, such as the Alps and the Himalayas. Historically, most such operations have been during winter in the Northern Hemisphere. Some have occurred above the Arctic Circle where snow, ice, and cold may occur throughout the year.

Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 resulted in retreat in the face of winter [9] with the majority of the French army succumbing to frostbite and starvation, rather than combat injuries. [10] OSS Briefing Film – The Weasel". Real Military Flix. Archived from the original on 9 February 2009 . Retrieved 9 February 2009. Staff (July 1943). "Combat in High Mountains, Snow, and Extreme Cold". Intelligence Bulletin. 2 (7) . Retrieved 7 May 2020. Chew, Allen F. (December 1981). "Fighting the Russians in Winter: Three Case Studies" (PDF). Leavenworth Papers. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College (5). ISSN 0195-3451. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2017 . Retrieved 10 December 2016.

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Argentine troops suffered from cold-wet conditions, holding positions in the 1982 Falklands War. [37] Three types of cold injury can occur in the theater, hypothermia, trench foot, and frostbite in ascending amount of exposure to cold temperatures.

Italy - The Alpini are the Italian Army's specialist mountain infantry. Established in 1872, they are the oldest active mountain infantry in the world. Human factors – Providing the right level of clothing to maintain agility and avoid overheating. Maintaining a slow, steady marching pace to avoid chilling down in the wind. Boosting morale with up-to-date newspapers from home and nearby areas. Providing improvised shelters and bivouacs. Hygiene, emphasizing cleanliness. a b c Barr, Robert K. (May 1988), US Navy Cold Weather Handbook for Surface Ships (PDF), Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2016 , retrieved 13 December 2016 Icing may prevent a warship from conducting any type of offensive operations, including restraining the doors of a vertical launch systems, binding gears, shafts, hinges and pedestals. Other effects include sluggish performance of lubricants, increased failure rate of seals, plugs and O-rings, frozen magazine sprinkler systems, excessively long warm-up times for electronics or weapon system electronics, and freeze up of compressed-air-operated components. [78] Arctic operations [ edit ] The manual also delineates the principal mountain ranges of the world, which lie along broad belts which encircle the Pacific basin and then lead westward across Eurasia into North Africa. Secondarily, rugged chains of mountains lie along the Atlantic margins of the Americas and Europe.When testing a winter combat mask, it is important to use a combination of different methods to get the most accurate picture of the product’s quality, functionality, and usability. What Criteria Should A High-Quality Winter Combat Mask Have? a b Clemmesen, Michael H.; Faulkner, Marcus, eds. (2013). Northern European Overture to War, 1939–1941: From Memel to Barbarossa. Brill. p.76. ISBN 978-90-04-24908-0.

Dry cold – From 19 to −4°F (−7 to −20°C). Dry cold conditions are easier to live in than wet cold conditions. Like in wet cold conditions, proper equipment, training and leadership are critical to successful operations. Wind chill is a complicating factor in this type of cold. The dry cold environment is the easiest of the four cold weather categories to survive in because of low humidity and the ground remains frozen. As a result, people and equipment are not subject to the effects of the thawing and freezing cycle, and precipitation is generally in the form of dry snow. Cold Response 2016". forsvaret.no. Norwegian Armed Forces. 2016 . Retrieved 11 December 2016. Cold Response is the Norwegian Armed Forces' main winter exercise. It is held every other year, and our partners are invited to participate. At times, cold—or its aftermath, thaw—has been a decisive factor in the failure of a campaign, as with the French invasion of Russia in 1812, the Soviet invasion of Finland in 1939, [1] [2] and the German invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II. There is a significant relationship between brand and winter combat mask quality. The brand can be seen as an indication of the quality of a product. In general, consumers are more likely to trust well-known brands and are willing to pay a higher price for them. This is because these brands have built up a reputation for quality over time. Russian Federation – Russia trains combined forces in winter annually. In 2013, it held four winter readiness exercises under shorter-than-usual notice, according to Wilk: A February exercise with seven thousand soldiers, several hundred fighting vehicles and 48 aircraft and helicopters and three March exercises, one using seven thousand soldiers, 250 fighting vehicles, 50 artillery units, 20 aircraft and helicopters as well as 36 warships. [72] Training occurs at the Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School in Blagoveshchensk in the Amur Oblast of eastern Russia. The school covers mountain and Arctic warfare [73] and qualifies officers as "Commanders of Motorized Rifle Platoons (Arctic)". [74]

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How comfortable the winter combat mask is: Will it be comfortable to use for extended periods of time? Andre Verdenskrig på Svalbard". svalbardmuseum.no (in Norwegian). Svalbard Museum. 24 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011 . Retrieved 5 April 2019.

Sweden and Denmark fought several wars during the 16th and 17th centuries. As a great deal of Denmark consists of islands, it was usually safe from invasion, but in January 1658, most of the Danish waters froze. Charles X Gustav of Sweden led his army across the ice of the Belts to besiege Copenhagen. The war ended with the treaty of Roskilde, a treaty very favorable to the Swedish. [6] United States – The Aleutian Islands Campaign was a campaign conducted by both the United States and Imperial Japan from 3 June 1942 to 15 August 1943 in Attu and Kiska, part of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska during World War II. [32] Post World War II [ edit ] Comparison of Chinese and U.S. military winter field uniforms, 1951 Staff (March 1944). "Some Notes on German Mountain Warfare". Intelligence Bulletin. 2 (7) . Retrieved 7 May 2020.When choosing the best winter combat mask for your needs, there are a few key factors you’ll want to take into account: Tani, Saburō (1988). Rangers – The Strongest Combatants of the Ground Self Defense Force (in Japanese). Fusosha Publishing. pp.154–186. ISBN 978-4594002350. Once you have processed your return in the portal, you're ready to post it off. Make sure you keep proof of postage. James F. Gebhardt. The Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation: Soviet Breakthrough and Pursuit in the Arctic, October 1944. pp.75–83.