Compression spring end options – Compression springs are categorized according to their end type, which determines how they will be used. The four end types are closed and square, closed and ground, double closed, and open. Our springs are all made from the highest quality raw materials from steel, stainless steel, , phosphor bronze to galvanised, beryllium copper, mild steel and inconel X750. Tubular spring steel is used in the landing gear of some small aircraft due to its ability to absorb the impact of landing.

Oil-Tempered HB Grade, SAE 1080 (0.75-0.85 percent carbon): This material is similar to the MB grade except that it has a higher carbon content and a higher tensile strength. It is obtainable in the same sizes and is used for more accurate requirements than the MB Grade, but is not so readily available. In lieu of using this material it may be better to use an alloy spring steel, particularly if a long fatigue life or high endurance properties are needed. Round and square sections are obtainable in the oil-tempered or annealed conditions. Monel K-500: Its composition is similar to Monel 400 but with the addition of small amounts of aluminum and titanium. The addition of aluminum and titanium allows it to be heat treatable through precipitation hardening. Springs are a flexible machine elements that store mechanical energy when subjected to tensile, compressive, bending, or torsional forces. When the spring is deflected, it stores energy and, at the same time, exerts an opposing force. The relationship between the amount of deflection and the force exerted depends on the characteristics of the spring. The most common form is a cylindrical, helical spring with a constant pitch. This type of spring is a round wire spooled into a cylindrical form. It is commonly seen in vehicle suspension systems, engine valves, dampers, and so on. Phosphor Bronze (ASTM B159): Phosphor bronze is an alloy of copper, tin, and phosphorus. This is the most widely used copper-base spring alloy. It has good electrical conductivity coupled with the ability to withstand repeated bending. However, it is are not hardenable by heat treatment.

Primarily used in electrical applications, copper springs can be vital to your final product. Titanium Springs Closed and Square:The last coil of a closed and square compression spring is closed, making it possible to stand on end on a flat surface. The pitch of the end is reduced to form one dead coil. Extension spring end options - The loop ends of extension springs are normally closed but can be changed to hooks. There are several types of ends for extension springs that include different shaped loops, including V hooks, square, coned, eye, and very small. The standard ends for extension springs are: Flat springs come in a variety of shapes, sizes and materials. Commonly used materials for flat springs include carbon steel, stainless steel, brass, copper, phosphor bronze, and beryllium copper. Lee Spring offers advanced capabilities and a wide variety of options for your flat spring manufacturing needs such as; advance quality control systems, regulatory expertise including RoHS, REACH and DFARS CAD assisted product design, in-house prototype production services and global supply chain network. These are non-helical springs with geometries such as wound strips, cantilever beams, disks, and bars. The cross-section of the spring material is subjected to different types of stresses, mostly combinations of bending and torsional stresses.

The main objective of spring design is to determine the right combination of spring geometry and material to achieve safe working stress at a practical cost. This article gives you a comprehensive guide about springs. Read further to learn more about the following. Chromium-Silicon Alloy (ASTM A401): These are available in cold-drawn or oil-tempered conditions. Chromium-silicon steel alloy can be heat treated to high hardness without losing much ductility. They are suitable in high impact loadings such as firearm recoil springs. The types of ends available for springs depend on the spring type since extension, compression, and torsion springs have different options regarding the types of ends they may have. Each spring has standard ends that easily conform to its type. Additionally, manufacturers offer customized ends to meet the needs of unique and unusual applications. To proceed with the design, initial values must be assumed. Typically, the type of material is initially selected. The objective of the design then becomes finding the geometry of the spring that can operate under the applied force and deflection. Wire dimensions, coil length, and the number of active coils are assumed initially for trial calculation. These values are correlated through tables and charts from spring design handbooks or manufacturer datasheets. The values are verified if the theoretical stress experienced by the spring with trial dimensions is within the maximum allowable stress of the material operating at a given type of service. If the theoretical stress calculated exceeds the maximum allowable stress, another set of trial dimensions is used.To locate sources of supply for springs, visit the Thomas Supplier Discovery Platform where you can locate potential sources of supply for over 70,000 different product and service categories. Other Springs Articles