Greiner, Alyson L., 1966- (28 January 2014). Visualizing human geography (Seconded.). Hoboken. ISBN 978-1-118-52656-9. OCLC 862759747. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link) Gardening for beauty is likely [ original research?] nearly as old as farming for food, however for most of history for the majority of people there was no real distinction since the need for food and other useful products trumped other concerns. Small-scale, subsistence agriculture (called hoe-farming) is largely indistinguishable from gardening. A patch of potatoes grown by a Peruvian peasant or an Irish smallholder for personal use could be described as either a garden or a farm. Gardening for average people evolved as a separate discipline, more concerned with aesthetics, recreation and leisure, [35] under the influence of the pleasure gardens of the wealthy. [36] Meanwhile, farming has evolved (in developed countries) in the direction of commercialization, economics of scale, and monocropping. Biodynamic gardening or biodynamic agriculture is similar to organic gardening, but includes various esoteric concepts drawn from the ideas of Rudolf Steiner, such as astrological sowing and planting calendar and particular field and compost preparations. Generally, monastic garden types consisted of kitchen gardens, infirmary gardens, cemetery orchards, cloister garths and vineyards. Individual monasteries might also have had a "green court", a plot of grass and trees where horses could graze, as well as a cellarer's garden or private gardens for obedientiaries, monks who held specific posts within the monastery.

Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs: An Illustrated Encyclopedia and Manual of Woody Landscape Plants are two of many horticulture reference books written by the legendary Michael Dirr, author and professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia. A well-respected expert on woody trees and shrubs for the landscape, Dirr compiles comprehensive information on thousands of landscape plants in these two companion books. Many horticulture professionals and home gardening enthusiasts find these books to be their most valuable references on trees and shrubs. Plus, reader-friendly layouts make the volumes easy to use. Deciduous - describes plants that shed leaves at the end of the growing season and renew them at the beginning of the nextCommercial gardening is a more intensive type of gardening that involves the production of vegetables, nontropical fruits, and flowers from local farmers. Commercial gardening began because farmers would sell locally to stop food from spoiling faster because of the transportation of goods from a far distance. Mediterranean agriculture is also a common practice that commercial gardeners use. Mediterranean agriculture is the practice of cultivating animals such as sheep to help weed and provide manure for vine crops, grains, or citrus. Gardeners can easily train these animals to not eat the actual plant. [19] Gardens were also available in Kush. In Musawwarat es-Sufra, the Great Enclosure dated to the 3rd century BC included splendid gardens. [3] First published in 1987, and providing a snapshot of British garden plants and trends for more than 30 years, the RHS Plant Finder is a horticultural bible. Rodale’s Ultimate Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening is the latest version of what has perhaps been the most comprehensive guide for organic gardeners for over 50 years. In addition to updated sections on growing vegetables, trees, fruits, annuals, perennials, and shrubs, this newest edition covers the latest thinking on earth-friendly gardening techniques, horticulture therapy, and organic pest control. Written by American gardeners for American gardeners, Rodale’s Ultimate Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening is a practical resource that deserves a spot on every gardener’s bookshelf. Surprising Health Benefits of Gardening | UNC Health Talk". healthtalk.unchealthcare.org. 18 May 2020. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023 . Retrieved 20 February 2021.

Douglas John McConnell (2003). The Forest Farms of Kandy: And Other Gardens of Complete Design. Ashgate. p.1. ISBN 9780754609582. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023 . Retrieved 6 October 2020. Eger, Christopher (28 July 2013). "Marlin 25MG Garden Gun". Marlin Firearms Forum. Outdoor Hub LLC. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016 . Retrieved 17 September 2016. Main article: List of garden types Conservatory of Flowers in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco Hanging baskets in Thornbury, South Gloucestershire An organic garden on a school campus The RHS Encyclopedia of Gardening has a full and comprehensive glossary of gardening terms. Buy a copy of this essential guide to gardening and have a full and informative reference guide to all things horticultural.Ferris, John; Norman, Carol; Sempik, Joe (December 2001). "People, Land and Sustainability: Community Gardens and the Social Dimension of Sustainable Development". Social Policy & Administration. 35 (5): 559–568. doi: 10.1111/1467-9515.t01-1-00253. ISSN 0144-5596. Monty Don has speculated on an atavistic connection between present-day gardeners and pre-modern peasantry. [38]

The gardens in the 16th and 17th century were symmetric, proportioned and balanced with a more classical appearance. Most of these gardens were built around a central axis and they were divided into different parts by hedges. Commonly, gardens had flowerbeds laid out in squares and separated by gravel paths. Rootball - the roots and accompanying soil when a plant is removed from a container or lifted from the ground In ancient India, patterns from sacred geometry and mandalas were used to design gardens. Distinct mandala patterns denoted specific deities, planets, or even constellations. Such a garden was also referred to as a 'Mandala Vaatika'. The word 'Vaatika' can mean garden, plantation or parterre. How gardeners can help our declining bees and other pollinators / RHS Gardening". www.rhs.org.uk. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023 . Retrieved 22 December 2022. In respect to its food-producing purpose, gardening is distinguished from farming chiefly by scale and intent. Farming occurs on a larger scale, and with the production of salable goods as a major motivation. Gardening happens on a smaller scale, primarily for pleasure and to produce goods for the gardener's own family or community. There is some overlap between the terms, particularly in that some moderate-sized vegetable growing concerns, often called market gardening, can fit in either category. [37]See also: Allotment (gardening) Berms of fava beans have been planted at Hayes Valley Farm, a community-built farm on the former Central freeway ramps of San Francisco