Simpson, Michael (2004). A life of Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham: A Twentieth-century Naval Leader. Routledge. p.74. ISBN 978-0-7146-5197-2. The Marvelous Mirs". Ocean Explorer. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 14 July 2007 . Retrieved 5 July 2013.

SLPE

But how much of Earth is water—how much water contributes to the actual mass of the planet? This includes not just the surface of the Earth, but inside as well. Scientists calculate that the total mass of the oceans on Earth is 1.35 x 10 18 metric tons, which is 1/4400 the total mass of the Earth. In other words, while the oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface, they only account for 0.02% of our planet's total mass. Water skiing disciplines". ABC of Skiing. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014 . Retrieved 4 July 2013. Pidwirny, Michael (28 March 2013). "Structure of the Earth". The Encyclopedia of Earth. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013 . Retrieved 20 September 2013.

Gokay, Bulent (2001). The Politics of Caspian Oil. Palgrave Macmillan. p.74. ISBN 978-0-333-73973-0. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021 . Retrieved 22 January 2019. Sea." Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sea . Accessed 14 March 2021. Oxygen in the Sea". Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. 3 June 2010. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013 . Retrieved 6 July 2013.

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Earth is the only known planet with seas of liquid water on its surface, [3] :22 although Mars possesses ice caps and similar planets in other solar systems may have oceans. [11] Earth's 1,335,000,000 cubic kilometers (320,000,000cumi) of sea contain about 97.2 percent of its known water [12] [c] and cover approximately 71 percent of its surface. [3] :7 [17] Another 2.15% of Earth's water is frozen, found in the sea ice covering the Arctic Ocean, the ice cap covering Antarctica and its adjacent seas, and various glaciers and surface deposits around the world. The remainder (about 0.65% of the whole) form underground reservoirs or various stages of the water cycle, containing the freshwater encountered and used by most terrestrial life: vapor in the air, the clouds it slowly forms, the rain falling from them, and the lakes and rivers spontaneously formed as its waters flow again and again to the sea. [12] The sea holds large quantities of valuable dissolved minerals. [193] The most important, Salt for table and industrial use has been harvested by solar evaporation from shallow ponds since prehistoric times. Bromine, accumulated after being leached from the land, is economically recovered from the Dead Sea, where it occurs at 55,000 parts per million (ppm). [194] Fresh water production [ edit ] Environmental, social and cultural settings of the Surin Islands". Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions and Small Islands. UNESCO. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016 . Retrieved 7 September 2013. Pidwirny, Michael (28 March 2013). "Plate tectonics". The Encyclopedia of Earth. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014 . Retrieved 20 September 2013.Main article: Coast Praia da Marinha in Algarve, Portugal The Baltic Sea in the archipelago of Turku, Finland A positive move in recent months was a ban on microbeads in rinse-off cosmetic and cleaning products introduced by the UK Government, so that these small plastic beads will no longer get washed down the sink and out into our oceans, but there are many more items that can also contribute to the problem. The bottom line Diamonds". Geological Survey of Namibia. Ministry of Mines and Energy. 2006. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014 . Retrieved 26 September 2013. a b Millero, F. J.; Feistel, R.; Wright, D. G.; McDougall, T. J. (2008). "The composition of Standard Seawater and the definition of the Reference-Composition Salinity Scale". Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 55 (1): 50–72. Bibcode: 2008DSRI...55...50M. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.001. The Scottish government has published several guidelines that consider the concept of coastal landscapes, including ‘Guidelines on the Environmental Impacts of Wind Farms and Small Scale Hydroelectric Schemes’ and the ‘Guidance on Siting and Designing Wind Farms’ (2001, 2009, 2014). The latter was obligational for offshore wind farm planners and landscape assessors alongside the document ‘ Offshore Renewables –guidance on assessing the impact on coastal landscape and seascape’ (2012).

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Helgason, Guðmundur. "Finale". Uboat.net. Archived from the original on 6 February 2010 . Retrieved 13 September 2013. a b c "The Physics of Tsunamis". Earth and Space Sciences. University of Washington. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015 . Retrieved 21 September 2013. Yachting". YachtingMagazine.com. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014 . Retrieved 17 September 2013. The seabed contains large reserves of minerals which can be exploited by dredging. This has advantages over land-based mining in that equipment can be built at specialised shipyards and infrastructure costs are lower. Disadvantages include problems caused by waves and tides, the tendency for excavations to silt up and the washing away of spoil heaps. There is a risk of coastal erosion and environmental damage. [185] Minerals precipitated near a hydrothermal vent

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Catelle, W. R. (1907). "Methods of Fishing". The Pearl: Its Story, Its Charm, and Its Value. J. B. Lippincott. p.171. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014 . Retrieved 4 May 2013.