a b c "Why Kids Misbehave in Classrooms". The Huffington Post. May 26, 2015 . Retrieved May 7, 2016. a b c d e f Lindsey, Constance. "Teacher Race and School Discipline: Are Students Suspended Less Often When They Have a Teacher of the Same Race?" Education Next, (November 1, 2016). https://www.educationnext.org/teacher-race-and-school-discipline-suspensions-research/. In Australia, school corporal punishment has been banned in public schools in all states, but as of 2019, it is still permitted in private schools in Queensland and the Northern Territory. [52] Non-corporal forms of disciplinary action [ edit ] Detention [ edit ] In China, school corporal punishment was completely banned under the Article 29 of the Compulsory Education Act of the People's Republic of China, but in practice, beating by schoolteachers is still common, especially in rural areas.

Some educators have believed in harsh discipline methods like corporal punishment, suspension or expulsion. Others have sought less onerous means. Editors of Rethinking Schools (2014). Restorative Justice: What it is and is not. Rethinking Schools. Retrieved December 1, 2016. http://www.rethinkingschools.org/archive/29_01/edit1291.shtmlThe theory was that by providing severe consequences to minor infractions, it would send a message to students that disruptive behavior was unacceptable," said Russell Skiba, professor of educational psychology at Indiana University. The six-week call for evidence will inform our review, planned later this year, of guidance on behaviour, discipline, suspensions and permanent exclusions which will include a public consultation.

Congress passed the Gun-Free Schools Act in 1994, signed by President Bill Clinton. It began the "zero tolerance" era in American public schools. Under zero tolerance, a student who violated school rules faced mandatory penalties, adopted from the " broken windows" theory of policing. Schools increasingly deployed police officers to monitor their halls. But research has shown in recent years that zero tolerance didn't succeed in making schools safer and did result in racial gaps in school discipline.In Australia, the school should consider circumstances when giving detentions. For example, in Victoria, it is recommended that no more than half the time for recess is used for detention, that detentions be held at a reasonable time and place, and when students are kept after school, parents should be informed at least the day before detention, and detention should not exceed 45 minutes. [57] Counseling [ edit ] School discipline practices are generally informed by theory from psychologists and educators. There are a number of theories to form a comprehensive discipline strategy for an entire school or a particular class. Schools are usually required to notify the student's parents/guardians and sometimes social worker if the suspended student is in special education, and explain the reason for and duration of a suspension. Students involved in physical altercations on campus can be suspended from school for a period of 5 days, while students who throw temper tantrums on campus, direct foul language at school staff members, or engage in verbal altercations with fellow students can be suspended for 3 days. [60] Students are often required to continue to learn and complete assignments during their suspension, sometimes receiving no credit for it. This could include a written essay or journal detailing the reason for the student being suspended from school, which they would be required to hand in to a school administrator upon returning to school following their suspension. Sometimes schools will have meetings with the suspended student, the student's parents, a school administrator, and sometimes a social worker in the case of a special education student to discuss and evaluate the matter following an out-of-school suspension. [60] Studies suggest that school suspension is associated with increased risk of subsequent criminal justice system involvement and lower educational attainment. [61]

School districts are required to inform students' parents of disciplinary policies and provide written proof of the existence of said policies. [17] These policies are required to be filed with the Arkansas Department of Education and include due process. [17] If you didn't do well in school, it was simply because you didn't try hard enough, said Judith Kafka, history professor at Baruch College. Burger, C., Strohmeier, D., Kollerová, L. (2022). "Teachers can make a difference in bullying: Effects of teacher interventions on students' adoption of bully, victim, bully-victim or defender roles across time". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 51 (12): 2312–2327. doi: 10.1007/s10964-022-01674-6. ISSN 0047-2891. PMC 9596519. PMID 36053439. S2CID 252009527. Counseling is also provided when students will have to see a school counselor (guidance counselor) for misbehavior. The purpose of counseling is to help the student recognize their mistakes and find positive ways to make changes in the student's life. Counseling can also help the student clarify the school's expectations, as well as understand the consequences of failing to meet those standards. Kuznia, Rob. "Racism in Schools: Unintentional But No Less Damaging." Pacific Standard, (pub. April 8, 2009, updated June 14, 2017), https://psmag.com/education/racism-in-schools-unintentional-3821.

In school districts where corporal punishment is used, the district must establish specific policies for when and how to employ it. [17]

Ahmad, Farah Z. and Tiffany Miller. "The High Cost of Truancy." Center for American Progress, (August 2015).We’re asking teachers, parents and other school staff for their views and ideas on managing good behaviour in schools and colleges. Discipline is a set of consequences determined by the school district to remedy actions taken by a student that are deemed inappropriate. It is sometimes confused with classroom management, but while discipline is one dimension of classroom management, classroom management is a more general term. [2] Federal Government rules out return of corporal punishment, after curriculum adviser says it can be 'very effective' ". ABC NEWS. July 16, 2014 . Retrieved May 7, 2016. Behaviour and discipline in schools" (PDF). UK Government. January 2016 . Retrieved August 22, 2021. Dalporto, Deva (2013). Restorative Justice: A Different Approach to Discipline. We Are Teachers. Retrieved December 1, 2016. http://www.weareteachers.com/restorative-justice-a-different-approach-to-discipline/