In the first section, we mentioned that the standard form converter is most useful when we're dealing with very large or very small numbers. So, why don't we take one object from each side of the spectrum: a planet and an atom. Conversely, if we divide the initial number by 10, which is equal to multiplying it by 1/10 = 10⁻¹, we'll get

Both types of integrals are tied together by the fundamental theorem of calculus. This states that if is continuous on and is its continuous indefinite integral, then . This means . Sometimes an approximation to a definite integral is desired. A common way to do so is to place thin rectangles under the curve and add the signed areas together. Wolfram|Alpha can solve a broad range of integrals How Wolfram|Alpha calculates integrals Wolfram|Alpha computes integrals differently than people. It calls Mathematica's Integrate function, which represents a huge amount of mathematical and computational research. Integrate does not do integrals the way people do. Instead, it uses powerful, general algorithms that often involve very sophisticated math. There are a couple of approaches that it most commonly takes. One involves working out the general form for an integral, then differentiating this form and solving equations to match undetermined symbolic parameters. Even for quite simple integrands, the equations generated in this way can be highly complex and require Mathematica's strong algebraic computation capabilities to solve. Another approach that Mathematica uses in working out integrals is to convert them to generalized hypergeometric functions, then use collections of relations about these highly general mathematical functions. For instance, take the number 154.37. It is in its standard form in the decimal base. That means 1 is the hundreds digit, 5 is that of tens, 4 of ones, 3 of tenths, and 7 of hundredths. Having the number written the way it is, makes us see it as a whole, and we don't really think of the individual digits, do we? Centimeters — divide the volume value by 28 , ⁣ 316.847 28,\!316.847 28 , 316.847 (which is 30.4 8 3 30.48 The indefinite integral of , denoted , is defined to be the antiderivative of . In other words, the derivative of is . Since the derivative of a constant is 0, indefinite integrals are defined only up to an arbitrary constant. For example,, since the derivative of is . The definite integral of from to , denoted , is defined to be the signed area between and the axis, from to .Don't ask us how they found the mass of the Earth, as there isn't any scale big enough to weigh the entire planet. As for the circumference, talk to Eratosthenes. We've spent quite some time together with the standard form calculator, enough to know that we can't leave the answer like this. We haven't learned how to write a number in standard form for nothing. the absolute value of n tells us how many places we have to move the point, and the sign of n indicates if it should be to the right (for n positive) or the left (for n negative). Therefore, converting to standard form is all about choosing the power of 10 in such a way that the b in the formula is between 1 and 10. There is a valuable lesson here: writing numbers in standard form is not always the way to go. It's all about simplicity of notation, but, at the end of the day, it pretty much boils down to a matter of personal preference (or your teacher's if you're writing a test).

This time, we indeed see the digits as the first factors in each multiplication. Moreover, the second factors have a lot in common - they consist of a single 1 with some zeros (possibly none). F = 0.00000000006674 N·m²/kg² × 5,972,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg × 73,480,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg / (384,400,000 m)². Convert the volume directly to cubic feet unit. You may find this method easier, as you only need to divide or multiply once: and the circumference is... actually, the 40,075 km doesn't look that bad, does it? Well, we could use a length converter and change it to 4.0075 × 10⁴ km, but is it better that way? If we needed to change it to millimeters, then maybe it'd be a better idea, but the kilometer form seems perfectly usable. We said that the number b should be between 1 and 10. This means that, for example, 1.36 × 10⁷ or 9.81 × 10⁻²³ are in standard form, but 13.1 × 10¹² isn't because 13.1 is bigger than 10. We could, however, convert it to standard form by saying that:

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Now that we've seen how to write a number in standard form, it's time to convince you that it's a useful thing to do. Of course, we know that you're most probably learning all of this for the pure pleasure of grasping yet another part of theoretical mathematics, but it doesn't hurt to take a look at physics or chemistry from time to time. You know, those two minor branches of mathematics. Still, we might wish to decompose it even further. After all, we wanted to see the digits themselves (i.e., as one-digit numbers) and not some " complicated" expression like 0.07. Therefore, we can also write: Wolfram|Alpha is a great tool for calculating antiderivatives and definite integrals, double and triple integrals, and improper integrals. The Wolfram|Alpha Integral Calculator also shows plots, alternate forms and other relevant information to enhance your mathematical intuition.

which is the number we had initially but with the point two places to the right. This movement by 2 is shown by the power in the standard form exponents.

Suppose that you've taken up astronomy recently and would like to know the gravitational force acting between the Earth and the Moon. For the calculations, we need the masses of the two objects (denote the Earth's by M₁ and the Moon's by M₂) and the distance between them (denoted by R). We have:

To divide by two you measure out a length of rope, then grab both ends and you have a length of x/2. You can generalise to divide by any natural number, b.To return to your original question though: imagine you have a number line and want to double a number, x. You get an imaginary rope, cut it to length x then lay it out from 0 to x then from x to 2x. This is easily generalized to multiplying by any natural number, a.