You will find two sublingual glands (monochromatic and polychromatic), the smallest among salivary glands of a dog. They remain on the lateral surface of the styloglossus and lie medial to the body of the mandible. Here, you will learn the different structures and internal organs of a dog from the following systems – There are cranial duodenal flexure, caudal duodenal flexure, and duodenojejunal flexure present in the duodenum of a dog. Dog liver topographic anatomy Brachiocephalic trunk: it is the first large artery from the aortic arch that passes obliquely to the right and cranially across the ventral surface of the trachea. The brachiocephalic trunk gives the first branch – the left common carotid artery. Mesocephaly: mesocephalic dog breeds have a medium sized head with intermediate characteristics between the above two head shapes. They may or may not have a marked stop. Pointers, Beagles, Fox Terriers and similar breeds have skull shapes of this type.

The left lobe of the dog’s pancreas lies in the deep wall of the greater omentum. This lobe begins at the body and runs caudosinistrally. Pancreas – you will find two parts (right and left) in a dog’s pancreas. Both the parts meet together behind the pylorus and form a V-shaped structure that extends caudodorsally, mostly up to the corresponding kidneys. First, let’s know where the dog’s heart is located. The dog heart is located obliquely at the level between the third and sixth intercostal spaces. You will find a blunt and rounded apex in the dog’s heart. The right and left longitudinal grooves meet together to the right of the apex. The dog liver possesses four lobes, four sub-lobes, and two processes. You will find the below-mentioned lobes, sub-lobes, and impressions in a dog’s liver. Splanchnic or visceral skeleton: these bones which developed inside viscera for support or other purposes, such as the bone of the penis.Salivary glands are the accessory organ of the dog digestive system anatomy. In a dog, you will find the same salivary glands – parotid, sublingual, mandibular, and zygomatic as found in the other animals. These are the major salivary glands of the dog’s oral cavity. So, again, you will find some of the minor salivary glands like buccal, palatine, lingual, and molar in the oral cavity of a dog. Coccygeal vertebrae: the sacral vertebrae lead into these bones and it is into this area the tail bones are inserted. Due to differences in tail, this is the only part where the number of vertebrae will differ according to breed. However, there are generally between 20 and 23. You may know more about the anatomical features of an animal lung from this article. Left lung of a dog

Trapezius: originates on the supraspinous ligament and inserts on the spine of the scapula. Its function is to elevate and abduct the forelimb. It is innervated by the accessory nerve. Sutter NB, Bustamante CD, Chase K, etal. (April 2007). "A single IGF1 allele is a major determinant of small size in dogs". Science. 316 (5821): 112–5. Bibcode: 2007Sci...316..112S. doi: 10.1126/science.1137045. PMC 2789551. PMID 17412960. As we explain above, canine anatomy is far ranging due to the diversity of existing breeds. These different breeds not only differ from each other in size, but in the shape of many body parts. Perhaps the most significant is head shape. There are three main different types of head formation in dogs: Superficial digital flexor: originates on the lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur and inserts on the tuber calcanei and bases of the middle phalanges. It acts to flex the stifle and extend the tarsus. It is innervated by the tibial nerve. Ilipsoas: originates on the ilium and inserts on the lesser trochanter. It acts to flex the hip. It is innervated by the femoral nerve.Please read the details of these arteries from the other articles from the anatomy learner. The thoracic aorta of the dog You will find two ureters in the dog’s urinary system. They (ureter) carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The length and size of the dog ureter depend on the age and breed. You will find the stronger ureter on the right side than the left. Christiansen, Per; Wroe, Stephen (2007). "Bite Forces and Evolutionary Adaptations to Feeding Ecology in Carnivores". Ecology. 88 (2): 347–358. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[347:bfaeat]2.0.co;2. PMID 17479753.

Quadriceps femoris: originates on the femur and the ilium and inserts on the tibial tuberosity. It acts to extend the stifle and to flex the hip. It is innervated by the femoral nerve. The nasal pharynx of a dog is the respiratory part dorsal to the soft palate. It extends from the choanae of the nasal cavity to the interpharyngeal opening of the pharynx. Dogs have around 1,700 taste buds compared to humans with around 9,000. The sweet taste buds in dogs respond to a chemical called furaneol which is found in many fruits and in tomatoes. It appears that dogs do like this flavor and it probably evolved because in a natural environment dogs frequently supplement their diet of small animals with whatever fruits happen to be available. Because of dogs' dislike of bitter tastes, various sprays, and gels have been designed to keep dogs from chewing on furniture or other objects. Dogs also have taste buds that are tuned for water, which is something they share with other carnivores but is not found in humans. This taste sense is found at the tip of the dog's tongue, which is the part of the tongue that they curl to lap water. This area responds to water at all times, but when the dog has eaten salty or sugary foods the sensitivity to the taste of water increases. It is proposed that this ability to taste water evolved as a way for the body to keep internal fluids in balance after the animal has eaten things that will either result in more urine being passed or will require more water to adequately process. It certainly appears that when these special water taste buds are active, dogs seem to get an extra pleasure out of drinking water, and will drink copious amounts of it. [38] Touch [ edit ] A dog's whiskers act as sensing organs. The dorsal surface of the left lobe has a relationship with the caudate process of the liver, portal vein, caudal vena cava, and aorta. On the other hand, the ventral surface relates to the transverse colon ventrocaudally and the dorsal wall ventrocranially. Dog respiratory organ anatomy Gemelli: originates on the lateral surface of the ischium and inserts on the trochanteric fossa. It acts to rotate the pelvic limb laterally. It is innervated by the sciatic nerve.Latissimus dorsi: originates on thoracolumbar fascia and inserts on the teres major tuberosity of the humerus. Its function is to flex the shoulder joint. It is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve. Again, the first premolar of a dog erupts between four to five months. The other premolar (second, third, and fourth) erupts within six months of age. All the molar teeth of a dog (first, second, and third) erupt between six to eight months of age. You will find the bronchial tree in the dog’s respiratory system that begins at the trachea’s bifurcation and forms the right and left principal bronchus. Each principal bronchus of the dog divides into lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi).

Internal obturator: originates on the pelvic symphysis and inserts on the trochanteric fossa of the femur. It acts to rotate the pelvic limb laterally. It is innervated by the sciatic nerve. If you read the previously suggested article on dog nose, you will also get the details features of the nasal cavity. Spleen – you will find a human foot-print-shaped spleen in a dog located below the proximal end of the last ribs. The incomplete portion of the dog tracheal ring is faced dorsally and bridges with the smooth muscle fiber. Again, these tracheal rings unite in a longitudinal direction by the fibroelastic annular ligaments of the trachea. The body of the uterus extends from the point of convergence of the uterine horns to the cervix. Again, the internal features of the dog’s uterus are described in the other article by the anatomy learner.Again, the left kidney of a dog lies ventral to the body of the third, fourth, and fifth lumbar vertebrae. You know both the right and left kidneys of a dog are bean-shaped and possess a smooth surface.