Silk sash; it was worn on top of the shenyi. The belt could have a decorative piece attached on it. [30] A look at the evolution of Chinese jade carving tells us that every step forward in tools and production technology is immediately reflected in craftsmanship. In the contemporary era, the development of artificial intelligence and industrial automation will continue to boost mechanization and large-scale production in the Chinese jade carving industry. These trends will further contribute to the sustained improvement of the creative design and cultural value of jade carvings.

Main article: Jade use in Mesoamerica Jadeite pectoral from the Mayan Classic period (195mm or 7.7in high)

EVOLUTION OF JADE CARVING TOOLS

a b c d e f g Burkus, Anne Gail (2010). Through a forest of chancellors: fugitive histories in Liu Yuan's Lingyan ge, an illustrated book from seventeenth-century Suzhou. Yuan, active Liu. Cambridge, Mass. p.92. ISBN 978-1-68417-050-0. OCLC 956711877. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) Grande, Lance; Augustyn, Allison (2009). Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World. University of Chicago Press. p.216. ISBN 978-0-226-30511-0. Bronze Rotary Machines (circa 2070–circa sixth century BCE). Although they emerged in the Neolithic period, inlays in the Xia, Shang, and Xizhou Dynasties outnumber those before the Xia Dynasty and display outstanding intricacy. These inlays were mainly combinations of bronze and turquoise, jade and turquoise, or bronze and jade. Jade vessels emerged in this period, with a corresponding rise in skilled hollowing (Xu, 2011).

Zhao Y.K., Zhang J.M. (2000) Chinese Jade Carving Technology. Beijing Industrial Art Publishing House, Beijing, 481 pp. Figure 9. This white nephrite bowl with inlaid gems and gold tracery (Qing Dynasty, 1644–1911) is engraved with a lotus pattern on the outside and six sets of pomegranate patterns inside. It shows both the eggshell carving and inlay techniques and is a typical Islamic jade from China’s western regions (Gu, 2010b). Photos by Rui Zhang (left) and Maiying Dong (right), from Shanxi Museum. Craftsmanship is a key element in Chinese jade carving art. In recent decades, the rapid development of tools has led to numerous changes in carving technology. Scholars are increasingly focusing on the carving craft in addition to ancient designs. Five periods have previously been defined according to the evolution of tools and craftsmanship, and the representative innovations of each period are summarized in this article. Nearly 2,500 contemporary works are analyzed statistically, showing that piercing and Qiaose, a technique to take artistic advantage of jade’s naturally uneven color, are the most commonly used methods. Current mainstream techniques used in China’s jade carving industry include manual carving, computer numerical control engraving, and 3D replicate engraving. With a rich heritage and ongoing innovation in jade craftsmanship, as well as increased automation, the cultural value and creative designs are both expected to reach new heights.​​ INTRODUCTION Silk belts or silk narrow bands, made of seven silk bands. Could be woven into 2 different ways. [28] In addition to rotary tools, abrasive sands and powders are an important element in jade carving. Abrasive sands used in the primitive carving period were ordinary sands that contained a large amount of quartz particles harder than jade. With the development of jade carving craftsmanship, abrasive sands have gradually been refined (Hansford, 1950; Sax et al., 2004; Xu, 2011). Today they include natural abrasives (such as corundum, quartz, and diamond) and synthetic abrasives (such as carborundum and synthetic diamond). In general, artificial abrasives are superior to natural ones (except for natural diamond) in quality, hardness, and performance. Therefore, modern jade carving mainly utilizes artificial abrasives, which are often used for coating the grinding heads (Zhao and Zhang, 2000).

Stacking Rings

a b c d Hargett, James M. (2018). Jade mountains & cinnabar pools: the history of travel literature in imperial China. Seattle. ISBN 978-0-295-74448-3. OCLC 1052903338. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) Blanchard, Lara C. W. (2018). Song dynasty figures of longing and desire: gender and interiority in Chinese painting and poetry. Leiden. ISBN 978-90-04-36939-9. OCLC 1039203421. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)