To make a diagnosis, your ophthalmologist conducts a thorough eye exam and looks for abnormalities anywhere in the eye. When the retina sends neural impulses representing an image to the brain, it spatially encodes (compresses) those impulses to fit the limited capacity of the optic nerve. Compression is necessary because there are 100 times more photoreceptor cells than ganglion cells. This is done by " decorrelation", which is carried out by the "centre–surround structures", which are implemented by the bipolar and ganglion cells. Have AMD? Save your sight with an Amsler grid. American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-amsler-grid-daily-vision-test. Accessed Feb. 11, 2020.

Retina Display? | Webopedia What is Retina Display? | Webopedia

Macular degeneration. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Today, the global number of people living with macular degeneration is estimated to be 196 million, and this is expected to increase to 288 million by the year 2040. [Read more about macular degeneration.] Novakovic, Nebojsa. "IBM T221 - the world's finest monitor?". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 14, 2009 . Retrieved 30 August 2015. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link) Retinitis pigmentosa is a rare genetic degenerative condition that causes a breakdown and loss of cells in the retina. This can cause a progressive loss of vision. Retinoblastoma Organ transplantation Transplantation of retinas has been attempted, but without much success. At MIT, The University of Southern California, RWTH Aachen University, and the University of New South Wales, an "artificial retina" is under development: an implant which will bypass the photoreceptors of the retina and stimulate the attached nerve cells directly, with signals from a digital camera.Yu, DY; Yu, PK; Cringle, SJ; Kang, MH; Su, EN (May 2014). "Functional and morphological characteristics of the retinal and choroidal vasculature". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 40: 53–93. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.02.001. PMID 24583621. S2CID 21312546. A third view of the "inverted" vertebrate eye is that it combines two benefits - the maintenance of the photoreceptors mentioned above, and the reduction in light intensity necessary to avoid blinding the photoreceptors, which are based on the extremely sensitive eyes of the ancestors of modern hagfish (fish that live in very deep, dark water). [12] Retinoblastoma, which is a cancer of the retina, is the most common type of eye cancer in infants and young children. According to the American Cancer Society, around 200–300 children in the U.S. receive a diagnosis of the condition every year. Fishman, R. S. (1973). "Kepler's Discovery of the Retinal Image". Archives of Ophthalmology. 89 (1): 59–61. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1973.01000040061014. PMID 4567856 . Retrieved 23 February 2023.

Retinopathy Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options Retinopathy Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

Curace Enrico M.; Auricchio Alberto (2008). "Versatility of AAV vectors for retinal gene transfer". Vision Research. 48 (3): 353–359. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.07.027. PMID 17923143. S2CID 9926758. Hutchinson, Lee (28 October 2014). "The Retina iMac and its 5K display... as a gaming machine? [Updated]". Ars Technica . Retrieved 9 July 2015. Remington, Lee Ann (2012). Clinical anatomy and physiology of the visual system (3rded.). St. Louis: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-1-4377-1926-0. OCLC 745905738. Sabra, A. I. (Ed.). (1011–1021/1989). The optics of Ibn Al-Haytham: Books I-III: On direct vision (A. I. Sabra, Trans.). The Warburg Institute.Fundus photograph showing the blood vessels in a normal human retina. Veins are darker and slightly wider than corresponding arteries. The optic disc is at right, and the macula lutea is near the centre. This strategy is effective against a number of retinal diseases that have been studied, including neovascular diseases that are features of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Since the regulation of vascularization in the mature retina involves a balance between endogenous positive growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibitors of angiogenesis, such as pigment epithelium-derived factor ( PEDF), rAAV-mediated expression of PEDF, angiostatin, and the soluble VEGF receptor sFlt-1, which are all antiangiogenic proteins, have been shown to reduce aberrant vessel formation in animal models. [76] Since specific gene therapies cannot readily be used to treat a significant fraction of patients with retinal dystrophy, there is a major interest in developing a more generally applicable survival factor therapy. Neurotrophic factors have the ability to modulate neuronal growth during development to maintain existing cells and to allow recovery of injured neuronal populations in the eye. AAV encoding neurotrophic factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family members and GDNF either protected photoreceptors from apoptosis or slowed down cell death. [76]

Retina display? Apple’s screen tech explained What is a Retina display? Apple’s screen tech explained

a b c d e f g "Sensory Reception: Human Vision: Structure and function of the Human Eye" vol. 27, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1987 The Retina display is a branded series of IPS LCD and OLED displays by Apple Inc. and have a higher pixel density than its traditional displays. [1] Apple has registered the term "Retina" as a trademark with regard to computers and mobile devices with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and Canadian Intellectual Property Office. [2] [3] The applications were approved in 2012 and 2014 respectively. The Canadian application cited a 2010 application in Jamaica.Retinal fundus images – Ground truth of vascular bifurcations and crossovers". University of Groningen . Retrieved 20 April 2018. J, Krause William (2005). Krause's Essential Human Histology for Medical Students. Boca Raton, FL: Universal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-58112-468-2. Thapa, R., et al. (2020). Prevalence, pattern and risk factors of retinal diseases among an elderly population in Nepal: The Bhaktapur Retina Study. Castle, Alex. "How to make the Windows desktop look good on high-DPI displays". PC World . Retrieved 9 July 2015.

Retina display - Wikipedia Retina display - Wikipedia

Zone at the outer choroid with a marked change in texture, in which large circular or ovoid profiles abut a Resolving the iPhone resolution". June 21, 2010. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012 . Retrieved June 21, 2010.

In This Article

Dinculescu Astra; Glushakova Lyudmyla; Seok-Hong Min; Hauswirth William W (2005). "Adeno-associated virus-vectored gene therapy for retinal disease". Human Gene Therapy. 16 (6): 649–663. doi: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.649. PMID 15960597. Dowling, John (2007). "Retina". Scholarpedia. 2 (12): 3487. Bibcode: 2007SchpJ...2.3487D. doi: 10.4249/scholarpedia.3487. Anyone with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes is potentially at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. The above example is called "balanced". The term balanced means that the sum of the negative weights is equal to the sum of the positive weights so that they cancel out perfectly. Retinal ganglion cells are almost never perfectly balanced.